Regression of `this is` type predicate for intersection of unions from 4.7 to 4.8

### 🔎 Search Terms

"this is" "type predicate" "intersection" "union"

### 🕗 Version & Regression Information

- This changed between versions 4.7.4 and 4.8.4

### ⏯ Playground Link

https://www.typescriptlang.org/play/?ssl=40&ssc=1&pln=1&pc=1#code/PTAEF5NBlBRAVAqgBQFABcCeAHApqRbAEwEN19xQBvUAV2LNwH0BLIgLlADtaBbAI1wAnUAF8A3KgDGAGxIBneaADCAey7kAHumqpQ+0FPXz0Q2lPSqhACmy1+MllLoNynQqXIBKaqL0GpAAtcKQBray9OdECWJViVYLDcIl0DNNAhXHRaIS5QU1pcSTS-Pyw8BJDQ5IhqF09cThoAJVgAWQB5ADVYJngACQBJaD6OpgAxQYANAH5OLlwAN2ExMUlUEAgoeABNZFhQNoBBAHFB5QwcfHGWGXIhNQ1cbQAeZVBn8i4iJUetdAANKAAIofbS4b5KExCFhcADmAD5ashhAAzKy8YGFISYF7+fTKAH40DNWhcLHCXHAhGoBGSTYkbDYGSYUAkUAAR2xrMy8lod1A-FZsPu8hC6FhcNALB0AHcZYECK5cECSN98sE8rCAFbiyXSjSqFSXCoooTooSY7lvMFfH4qdT-IGIW0Q+2qfi6ixIyguz5upRk0JcVSyrjEmYqUAAMjq9Aa7mVMYIYmJ8yWwkk5XwpPJ1tB-shoGhkp9DoEsNwLyOimE6AA0rgqQigdSs1dQDWxUIG02XgXwUWS-CywO7YGuMHQ+G0pHmiErER+0CAHLqFf8uQOKtBkNhhE0tLp5ZCdabIi4VGVtlEIgyljqEgyUBX3Ayd15F3y6KgRZPwqgAABmSF5XgsRCASa+BqBWCwvIgQL1q6Q6mKWtR+oO9q7tOEYprGyAkD2LBPi885GEIS6wJosi0BeLz1kC1SYKoqIEC2dDfJelZEAeabcBmp6oBsYCQJQ-QdAA6qAgzwKAABCrRHPW0CoBesiEfgRhcCYhjoJonA3Hcwh-J8eJpIZ9wma8VmAqAABE6i4HZoAAD72egsqqHZLbEnZHlebSkhaTpnlCKESiUBYmgAHTxowsXKqwRDthUElWOFtTWNmLG6ZoybKIk1REF4ADadlxeQdkALplRVzBsNVkgsKx1hRdFQRVBEPhUMSwU6PwmQkBlkV6QlDRjYwSWSH4QA

### 💻 Code

```ts
// === SETUP
type Update = { update_id: number };
class Context {
constructor(public update: Update) {}
check(): this is Checked {
return true;
}
}
type Checked = { update: { REMOVE_THIS_TO_FIX?: never } };

// === TYPE MAGIC
type FilterContext = PerformQuery<
C,
RunQuery
>;
// apply a query result by intersecting it with Update, and then injecting into C
type PerformQuery = U extends unknown
? C & { update: Update & U }
: never;
type RunQuery = Combine, Q>;
type AssertKey = Q extends unknown
? Record>
: never;

// define additional fields on U with value `undefined`
type Combine = U extends unknown
? U & Partial, undefined>>
: never;

// === HOW IT BREAKS
declare const ctx: FilterContext<
FilterContext,
"two"
>;
const works = ctx.update.update_id;
type Works = (typeof ctx & Checked)["update"]["update_id"];
if (ctx.check()) {
const breaks = ctx.update.update_id;
}
```

### 🙁 Actual behavior

In the line where the variable `breaks` is defined, `ctx.update` is `never`

### 🙂 Expected behavior

The variable `breaks` can be defined and it has type `number`

### Additional information about the issue

If you change a seemingly unrelated piece in the code, the error goes away!
```ts
// Replace
type Checked = { update: { REMOVE_THIS_TO_FIX?: never } };
// by
type Checked = { update: { } };
```
and then everything works as expected.

Start with the linked TypeScript Playground and compare the repro on 4.7.4 and 4.8.4. Trace the narrowing performed by `Context.check()` for the `FilterContext` example. Done means the `breaks` access is accepted and inferred as `number`, with the regression covered by a test.

Written by the indexing model from the issue text.