<locale>: locale initialization incorrect in debug mode

Describe the bug
locale::id classes are used to lazily assign numbers to facets classes. They have non-trivial constructors and when compiled in debug mode they are not initialized at compile time. This means that the following could happen:

1. Some static constructor (std::cin for example) uses locales and causes id assignment for some facets.
2. locale::id constructors for this facets are called which reset facet ids to zero.
3. The program tries to use locales and different ids are assigned to facets which leads to errors or crashes.

Command-line test case

C:\Temp>type main.cpp
#include <locale>
#include <iostream>

struct S {
	size_t id;
	S() {
		id = std::collate<char>::id;
	}
};

S v;

int main() {
	std::cout << v.id << std::endl;
	std::cout << std::collate<char>::id << std::endl;
}

C:\Temp>cl /EHsc /W4 /WX /MT main.cpp
Оптимизирующий компилятор Microsoft (R) C/C++ версии 19.28.29115 для x64
(C) Корпорация Майкрософт (Microsoft Corporation).  Все права защищены.

main.cpp
Microsoft (R) Incremental Linker Version 14.28.29115.0
Copyright (C) Microsoft Corporation.  All rights reserved.

/out:main.exe
main.obj

C:\Temp>main.exe
2
5

Expected behavior
Either compiler must initialize locale::id's at compile time in debug mode or locale::id class should be rewritten to avoid this problem.

STL version
Microsoft Visual Studio Community 2019 Preview Version 16.8.0 Preview 1.0

Additional context
DevCom-256346 | Microsoft-internal VSO-620209 / AB#620209 and VSO-622201 / AB#622201

Start with the implementation of locale::id and reproduce the issue using the supplied example in debug and optimized builds. Check how static construction and facet-id assignment interact; done means locale::id values remain consistent and the regression is covered by a test based on the reported case.