Cuda CI image builder fails to detect nvcc as a working compiler

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```
========================================= cuda: 16 multistd ========================================

Failed during: configure
Reason: Generating the build system failed.

(inprocess) $ setup --prefix /usr --libdir lib 'test cases/cuda/16 multistd' '/meson/b 59b67b5a57' --backend=ninja
Included file /meson/b 59b67b5a57/meson-logs/meson-log.txt:
Build started at 2023-11-06T22:20:27.362738
Main binary: /usr/sbin/python3
Build Options: -Dprefix=/usr -Dlibdir=lib -Dbackend=ninja
Python system: Linux
The Meson build system
Version: 1.3.0.rc2
Source dir: /meson/test cases/cuda/16 multistd
Build dir: /meson/b 59b67b5a57
Build type: native build
Project name: C++-CUDA multi-std
Project version: 1.0.0
-----------
Detecting compiler via: `c++ --version` -> 0
stdout:
c++ (GCC) 13.2.1 20230801
Copyright (C) 2023 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
This is free software; see the source for copying conditions. There is NO
warranty; not even for MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.
-----------
Running command: c++ -E -dM -
-----
-----------
Detecting linker via: `c++ -Wl,--version` -> 0
stdout:
GNU ld (GNU Binutils) 2.41.0
Copyright (C) 2023 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
This program is free software; you may redistribute it under the terms of
the GNU General Public License version 3 or (at your option) a later version.
This program has absolutely no warranty.
-----------
stderr:
collect2 version 13.2.1 20230801
/usr/sbin/ld -plugin /usr/lib/gcc/x86_64-pc-linux-gnu/13.2.1/liblto_plugin.so -plugin-opt=/usr/lib/gcc/x86_64-pc-linux-gnu/13.2.1/lto-wrapper -plugin-opt=-fresolution=/tmp/cc798qd5.res -plugin-opt=-pass-through=-lgcc_s -plugin-opt=-pass-through=-lgcc -plugin-opt=-pass-through=-lc -plugin-opt=-pass-through=-lgcc_s -plugin-opt=-pass-through=-lgcc --build-id --eh-frame-hdr --hash-style=gnu -m elf_x86_64 -dynamic-linker /lib64/ld-linux-x86-64.so.2 -pie /usr/lib/gcc/x86_64-pc-linux-gnu/13.2.1/../../../../lib/Scrt1.o /usr/lib/gcc/x86_64-pc-linux-gnu/13.2.1/../../../../lib/crti.o /usr/lib/gcc/x86_64-pc-linux-gnu/13.2.1/crtbeginS.o -L/usr/lib/gcc/x86_64-pc-linux-gnu/13.2.1 -L/usr/lib/gcc/x86_64-pc-linux-gnu/13.2.1/../../../../lib -L/lib/../lib -L/usr/lib/../lib -L/usr/lib/gcc/x86_64-pc-linux-gnu/13.2.1/../../.. --version -lstdc++ -lm -lgcc_s -lgcc -lc -lgcc_s -lgcc /usr/lib/gcc/x86_64-pc-linux-gnu/13.2.1/crtendS.o /usr/lib/gcc/x86_64-pc-linux-gnu/13.2.1/../../../../lib/crtn.o
-----------
Sanity testing C++ compiler: c++
Is cross compiler: False.
Sanity check compiler command line: c++ sanitycheckcpp.cc -o sanitycheckcpp.exe -D_FILE_OFFSET_BITS=64
Sanity check compile stdout:

-----
Sanity check compile stderr:

-----
Running test binary command: '/meson/b 59b67b5a57/meson-private/sanitycheckcpp.exe'
C++ compiler for the host machine: c++ (gcc 13.2.1 "c++ (GCC) 13.2.1 20230801")
C++ linker for the host machine: c++ ld.bfd 2.41.0
-----------
Detecting linker via: `gcc-ar --version` -> 0
stdout:
GNU ar (GNU Binutils) 2.41.0
Copyright (C) 2023 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
This program is free software; you may redistribute it under the terms of
the GNU General Public License version 3 or (at your option) any later version.
This program has absolutely no warranty.
-----------
-----------
Detecting compiler via: `nvcc --version` -> 0
stdout:
nvcc: NVIDIA (R) Cuda compiler driver
Copyright (c) 2005-2023 NVIDIA Corporation
Built on Fri_Sep__8_19:17:24_PDT_2023
Cuda compilation tools, release 12.3, V12.3.52
Build cuda_12.3.r12.3/compiler.33281558_0
-----------
-----------
Detecting compiler via: `c++ --version` -> 0
stdout:
c++ (GCC) 13.2.1 20230801
Copyright (C) 2023 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
This is free software; see the source for copying conditions. There is NO
warranty; not even for MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.
-----------
Running command: c++ -E -dM -
-----
-----------
Detecting linker via: `c++ -Wl,--version` -> 0
stdout:
GNU ld (GNU Binutils) 2.41.0
Copyright (C) 2023 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
This program is free software; you may redistribute it under the terms of
the GNU General Public License version 3 or (at your option) a later version.
This program has absolutely no warranty.
-----------
stderr:
collect2 version 13.2.1 20230801
/usr/sbin/ld -plugin /usr/lib/gcc/x86_64-pc-linux-gnu/13.2.1/liblto_plugin.so -plugin-opt=/usr/lib/gcc/x86_64-pc-linux-gnu/13.2.1/lto-wrapper -plugin-opt=-fresolution=/tmp/ccf69I3b.res -plugin-opt=-pass-through=-lgcc_s -plugin-opt=-pass-through=-lgcc -plugin-opt=-pass-through=-lc -plugin-opt=-pass-through=-lgcc_s -plugin-opt=-pass-through=-lgcc --build-id --eh-frame-hdr --hash-style=gnu -m elf_x86_64 -dynamic-linker /lib64/ld-linux-x86-64.so.2 -pie /usr/lib/gcc/x86_64-pc-linux-gnu/13.2.1/../../../../lib/Scrt1.o /usr/lib/gcc/x86_64-pc-linux-gnu/13.2.1/../../../../lib/crti.o /usr/lib/gcc/x86_64-pc-linux-gnu/13.2.1/crtbeginS.o -L/usr/lib/gcc/x86_64-pc-linux-gnu/13.2.1 -L/usr/lib/gcc/x86_64-pc-linux-gnu/13.2.1/../../../../lib -L/lib/../lib -L/usr/lib/../lib -L/usr/lib/gcc/x86_64-pc-linux-gnu/13.2.1/../../.. --version -lstdc++ -lm -lgcc_s -lgcc -lc -lgcc_s -lgcc /usr/lib/gcc/x86_64-pc-linux-gnu/13.2.1/crtendS.o /usr/lib/gcc/x86_64-pc-linux-gnu/13.2.1/../../../../lib/crtn.o
-----------
Sanity testing Cuda compiler: nvcc
Is cross compiler: False.
Sanity check compiler command line: nvcc -w -cudart static /meson/b 59b67b5a57/meson-private/sanitycheckcuda.cu -o /meson/b 59b67b5a57/meson-private/sanitycheckcuda.exe
Sanity check compile stdout:

-----
Sanity check compile stderr:
/usr/include/bits/floatn.h(86): error: invalid combination of type specifiers
typedef __float128 _Float128;
^

/usr/include/bits/floatn-common.h(214): error: invalid combination of type specifiers
typedef float _Float32;
^

/usr/include/bits/floatn-common.h(251): error: invalid combination of type specifiers
typedef double _Float64;
^

/usr/include/bits/floatn-common.h(268): error: invalid combination of type specifiers
typedef double _Float32x;
^

/usr/include/bits/floatn-common.h(285): error: invalid combination of type specifiers
typedef long double _Float64x;
^

5 errors detected in the compilation of "/meson/b 59b67b5a57/meson-private/sanitycheckcuda.cu".

-----

test cases/cuda/16 multistd/meson.build:1:0: ERROR: Compiler nvcc cannot compile programs.

Traceback (most recent call last):
File "/meson/run_tests.py", line 325, in run_configure_inprocess
returncode = mesonmain.run(commandlist, get_meson_script())
^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
File "/meson/mesonbuild/mesonmain.py", line 285, in run
return CommandLineParser().run(args)
^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
File "/meson/mesonbuild/mesonmain.py", line 196, in run
return errorhandler(e, command)
^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
File "/meson/mesonbuild/mesonmain.py", line 40, in errorhandler
raise e
File "/meson/mesonbuild/mesonmain.py", line 194, in run
return options.run_func(options)
^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
File "/meson/mesonbuild/msetup.py", line 358, in run
app.generate()
File "/meson/mesonbuild/msetup.py", line 181, in generate
return self._generate(env, capture, vslite_ctx)
^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
File "/meson/mesonbuild/msetup.py", line 203, in _generate
intr = interpreter.Interpreter(b, user_defined_options=user_defined_options)
^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
File "/meson/mesonbuild/interpreter/interpreter.py", line 331, in __init__
self.parse_project()
File "/meson/mesonbuild/interpreterbase/interpreterbase.py", line 132, in parse_project
self.evaluate_codeblock(self.ast, end=1)
File "/meson/mesonbuild/interpreterbase/interpreterbase.py", line 198, in evaluate_codeblock
raise e
File "/meson/mesonbuild/interpreterbase/interpreterbase.py", line 190, in evaluate_codeblock
self.evaluate_statement(cur)
File "/meson/mesonbuild/interpreterbase/interpreterbase.py", line 204, in evaluate_statement
return self.function_call(cur)
^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
File "/meson/mesonbuild/interpreterbase/interpreterbase.py", line 530, in function_call
res = func(node, func_args, kwargs)
^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
File "/meson/mesonbuild/interpreterbase/decorators.py", line 260, in wrapper
return f(*nargs, **wrapped_kwargs)
^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
File "/meson/mesonbuild/interpreterbase/decorators.py", line 579, in wrapper
return f(*wrapped_args, **wrapped_kwargs)
^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
File "/meson/mesonbuild/interpreter/interpreter.py", line 1308, in func_project
self.add_languages(proj_langs, True, MachineChoice.HOST)
File "/meson/mesonbuild/interpreter/interpreter.py", line 1476, in add_languages
success = self.add_languages_for(args, required, for_machine)
^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
File "/meson/mesonbuild/interpreter/interpreter.py", line 1519, in add_languages_for
comp = compilers.detect_compiler_for(self.environment, lang, for_machine, skip_sanity_check)
^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
File "/meson/mesonbuild/compilers/detect.py", line 121, in detect_compiler_for
comp.sanity_check(env.get_scratch_dir(), env)
File "/meson/mesonbuild/compilers/cuda.py", line 560, in sanity_check
raise EnvironmentException(f'Compiler {self.name_string()} cannot compile programs.')
mesonbuild.utils.universal.EnvironmentException: Compiler nvcc cannot compile programs.
```

/cc @SoapGentoo @obilaniu

Start in mesonbuild/compilers/cuda.py and reproduce with test cases/cuda/16 multistd/meson.build, using the logged nvcc sanity-check failure as the entry point. Trace the CUDA compiler sanity check around the reported system-header errors and verify the affected test case. Done means this test configures successfully with the affected nvcc environment.

Written by the indexing model from the issue text.