[Refactoring]: Migrate numeric, date, and utility integer parameters

## Parent

- #28893

## Dependency

Depends on the shared contract delivered by the binding-layer foundation subtask.

## Scope

Migrate numeric, date/time selector, and bounded utility parameters that use the approved ordinary integer contract:

- PERIOD_ADD, PERIOD_DIFF
- CEIL, FLOOR, ROUND, TRUNCATE precision
- FROM_DAYS, WEEK, YEARWEEK
- TIMESTAMPADD interval count
- SUB_VECTOR bounds
- LAST_QUERY_ID offset
- RANDOM_BYTES length
- SHA2 selector
- SPLIT_PART index
- REGEXP_INSTR, REGEXP_REPLACE, and REGEXP_SUBSTR optional position/count/return-option parameters

Keep genuine fractional operands, result-domain overloads, and temporal value operands unchanged.

## Acceptance criteria

- Each listed parameter has an explicit signedness/range contract.
- New binding uses shared coercion without changing unrelated numeric overload resolution.
- TIMESTAMPADD preserves unit and temporal operand behavior.
- Prepared provenance, selectors, NULL, range errors, and legacy execution identities are covered.
- No new coercion semantics or compatibility mechanism is introduced.