The language server is unable to start and connect to Matlab properly in VS Code

I also reported this at mathworks/MATLAB-extension-for-vscode#226, but I didn't get a response, and figured it may actually be more relevant here.

Describe the bug
Whenever I open a matlab file, the extension shows the following popup:

And features which depend on a running matlab instance do not work. This is regardless of whether there is already currently a running instance of matlab. The output pane shows:

(11:39:30) matlabls: Log Directory: <...>
(11:39:30) matlabls: Launching MATLAB...
(11:39:36) matlabls: Started MATLAB (session 1)
(11:39:36) matlabls: MATLAB session 1 connected to R2024b
(11:39:36) matlabls: CWD set to: <...>
(11:39:36) matlabls: Adding workspace folder(s) to the MATLAB Path: 
	<...>
[Warn  - 11:39:36 AM] (11:39:36) matlabls - WARNING: Error while communicating with MATLAB - disconnecting
(11:39:36) matlabls: Shutting down MATLAB session 1
(11:39:36) matlabls: MATLAB process (session 1) terminated
Timeout when attaching to release: 24b
Retrying attach
Timeout when attaching to release: 24b
Retrying attach
Timeout when attaching to release: 24b
Unable to attach after retries

The matlab log is:

To get started, type doc.
For product information, visit www.mathworks.com.
matlabls: Beginning initialization
matlabls: matlabroot is 
C:\Program Files\MATLAB\R2024b
Printing connection data to file: <...>
matlabls: Initialization complete
For product information, visit www.mathworks.com.

There is no file named what is shown after "Printing connection data to file:". When I open task manager while pressing the "Connect to MATLAB" button, it shows an instance of the correct version of MATLAB appearing, and then disappearing shortly after (presumably because the language server has killed it when it prints "Shutting down MATLAB session 1"). Unfortunately it doesn't last long enough to follow the steps detailed in this comment. I'm wondering if maybe there is a flag that I can pass to Matlab manually that would let me check the steps listed in this comment?

Useful Information

• OS Version: Windows 10
• VS Code Version: 1.97.2 (not WSL)
• Matlab Version: R2023b/R2024b (Not WSL; Tried both)

I have no startup scripts, and typing matlab into a shell starts it up properly.

Start by reproducing the failure on Windows 10 with VS Code 1.97.2 and MATLAB R2023b or R2024b, then inspect the language-server and MATLAB output around connection-data-file creation and the attach timeout. Done means the language server remains connected to MATLAB and dependent features work without the session terminating.