Make AsciiMath work with Vite

Issue Summary

Vite uses strict mode, so the usage of arguments.callee fails. Besides removing arguments.callee from the relevant JS files, Vite compatibility evidently requires slight changes to an additional AsciiMath JS file.

Steps to Reproduce:

See https://excalidraw-mcjzus0ve-excalidraw.vercel.app/ (source commit https://github.com/excalidraw/excalidraw/pull/6037/commits/27a8cda8fdf7e7bc4e0d44f27bfa11cee21fc1cd) for an example of https://github.com/mathjax/MathJax-src/pull/854 in use. In this deployment:

1. Select "Math" in the toolbar.
2. Type \(\alpha\) and press "Escape".
3. Rendering fails with the browser console error "ReferenceError: MathJax is not defined", traced back to an AsciiMath JS file.

Technical Details:

• MathJax Version: 3.2.2/4.0.0-beta.3
• Client OS: Linux
• Browser: Multiple

I am configuring and loading MathJax via loadMathJax() in src/element/subtypes/mathjax/implementation.tsx.

Supporting Information:

• Example of arguments.callee failing: https://excalidraw-k7bnvq58q-excalidraw.vercel.app/ (source commit https://github.com/excalidraw/excalidraw/pull/6037/commits/dd5053149a20acfa2817b5ef943897d4d08ea3a4).
• Browser console error for arguments.callee: "Uncaught (in promise) TypeError: 'caller', 'callee', and 'arguments' properties may not be accessed on strict mode functions or the arguments objects for calls to them".
• Omitting the change to js/input/asciimath/mathjax2/input/AsciiMath.js in https://github.com/excalidraw/excalidraw/pull/6037/commits/27a8cda8fdf7e7bc4e0d44f27bfa11cee21fc1cd results in the browser console error "Uncaught (in promise) ReferenceError: global is not defined".
• I have been using an extended version of https://github.com/mathjax/MathJax-src/pull/854 with patch-package in production on https://math.preview.excalidraw.com/ without issue. See excalidraw/excalidraw#7063 for the patch as I would submit it against the MathJax-src develop branch.

Start with the relevant AsciiMath JavaScript files, especially js/input/asciimath/mathjax2/input/AsciiMath.js and the legacy shim.js, then review the loadMathJax() entry point in src/element/subtypes/mathjax/implementation.tsx and the referenced patch. Reproduce the Vite deployment case and verify that Math rendering completes without the strict-mode or global errors.