Check sqlite3_bind return codes so extra parameters are not silently ignored

Summary

All sqlite3_bind_*() return codes are ignored. Supplying more parameters than a statement declares returns SQLITE_RANGE, but NitroSQLite continues to step the statement successfully, silently discarding the extra values.

Verified on main at ad8b835 (v9.7.0) and independently reproduced against SQLite.

Code evidence

operations.cpp#L120-L143 calls sqlite3_bind_null, sqlite3_bind_int, sqlite3_bind_int64, sqlite3_bind_double, sqlite3_bind_text, and sqlite3_bind_blob without inspecting their return values.

prepareStatement() then returns the statement and execution proceeds normally.

Smallest reproducer

const db = open({ name: 'bind.sqlite' })

// The SQL has one parameter, but two values are supplied.
const result = db.execute('SELECT ? AS value', [7, 8])
console.log(result.rows.item(0)?.value)

Expected: reject the mismatched parameter list with a NitroSQLiteError/SQLITE_RANGE error.

Observed: the query succeeds with value = 7; the extra 8 is silently ignored.

Independent SQLite C API result for the same sequence:

sqlite3_bind_int(statement, 1, 7) -> 0  (SQLITE_OK)
sqlite3_bind_int(statement, 2, 8) -> 25 (SQLITE_RANGE)
sqlite3_step(statement)           -> 100 (SQLITE_ROW)
value                             -> 7

Impact

• Query-builder, ORM, migration, and application bugs can silently bind the wrong parameter set instead of failing close to the source.
• Batch commands can appear successful while extra values are discarded.
• Other bind errors (for example allocation-related failures) are also ignored and may surface later with misleading behavior.

Acceptance criteria

• Check every sqlite3_bind_*() return code and throw a normalized SQL execution error when it is not SQLITE_OK.
• Include the parameter index and SQLite error text/code without logging parameter values.
• Decide and document whether parameter count must match exactly using sqlite3_bind_parameter_count(); at minimum, extra parameters must never be silently accepted.
• Apply the same behavior to sync, async, batch, and future prepared-statement APIs through a shared bind implementation.

Regression-test target

Tests asserting that SELECT ? with [7, 8] rejects for sync, async, and batch execution, while a correctly sized parameter list still succeeds.

Read packages/react-native-nitro-sqlite/cpp/operations.cpp around lines 120-143 and trace prepareStatement() to understand the binding path. Run or add regression coverage for sync, async, and batch execution: SELECT ? with [7, 8] must reject with indexed SQLite error details without parameter values, while correctly sized bindings succeed.