3D terrain w/ raster-dem source + terrain exaggeration causes clipping at high zoom levels

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### mapbox-gl-js version

3.22.0

### Browser and version

Chrome 148.0.7778.216

### Expected behavior

At high zoom levels with a raster-dem source & terrain exaggeration, higher elevations are not clipped

### Actual behavior

At high zoom levels with a raster-dem source & terrain exaggeration, higher elevations are clipped. The white background is rendered underneath instead.

### Link to the demonstration

_No response_

### Steps to trigger the unexpected behavior

- Open a map with a raster-dem source & terrain exaggeration (the [mapbox example](https://docs.mapbox.com/mapbox-gl-js/example/add-terrain/) works)
- Navigate to a place with very high elevation deltas. The grand canyon works well for this repro

https://github.com/user-attachments/assets/87738ecb-54a1-4b60-b5b4-5f2b21514061

### Relevant log output

```shell

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Start by reproducing the issue with the linked Mapbox add-terrain example in Chrome 148, using a raster-dem source and terrain exaggeration. Navigate to the Grand Canyon at high zoom and verify the white-background clipping; done means higher elevations render without clipping.

Written by the indexing model from the issue text.