Avoid tile popping/flicker on RasterTileSource setTiles

Nobody has claimed this yet.

## Motivation

This `dynamic raster tiles support` [PR](https://github.com/mapbox/mapbox-gl-js/pull/12352) is a great addition, especially for periodic/multi-temporal raster tilesets.

However, it induces tiles popping on tiles url update, as shown in this [react-map-gl issue](https://github.com/visgl/react-map-gl/issues/1876).
When one does use `setTiles` with a single TMS url, the previous rasterLayer tiles of the source are dumped - resulting in the map background style being displayed for a short amount of time until the new tiles are loaded and start populating the map.
This makes for a harsh transition especially for periodic tilesets.

## Design Alternatives

What would be interesting is to allow for a different approach, to unload each tile only when the new one is loaded, similar to how [zoom.earth](https://zoom.earth/maps/satellite/) works.

### Mock-Up

Mapbox example with tiles popping

https://github.com/mapbox/mapbox-gl-js/assets/16822841/ec032bfd-797c-4303-92b7-bba53334f8d2

Zoom.earth example without tiles popping

https://github.com/mapbox/mapbox-gl-js/assets/16822841/acea8ee4-5ef2-410f-875e-470ac9322271

Start with RasterTileSource.setTiles and the dynamic raster tiles support PR linked in the issue. Trace how existing raster tiles are discarded during a tile URL update. Done should mean old tiles remain visible until their replacements load, avoiding the background-style flash and tile popping shown in the examples.

Written by the indexing model from the issue text.