Popup auto-anchoring should account for global padding

Nobody has claimed this yet.

**mapbox-gl-js version**: 2.8.2

**browser**:

### Steps to Trigger Behavior

1. Add a popup to the map
2. Set a global padding `map.setPadding`
3. (for testing) `map.showPadding = true`
4. Pan the map so the popup intersects the padding

### Link to Demonstration

https://codepen.io/andrewharvey/pen/jOZOXGm

### Expected Behavior

The auto anchoring of the popup should treat the padding similar to the map edge and re-anchor if it has space.

My reasoning is that global padding is usually set so that content is only shown in the background in that padded area and no focused content should appear there, though it probably does depend on what people are using padding for.

### Actual Behavior

The popup will overflow into the global padding and only re-anchor on the map edge.

Reproduce the behavior using the linked CodePen with mapbox-gl-js 2.8.2; start at the popup auto-anchoring behavior and its interaction with map.setPadding. Done means the popup treats global padding like the map edge and re-anchors when there is room, rather than overflowing into the padded area.

Written by the indexing model from the issue text.