[sw] Build software with different compiler flag combinations (e.g. inlining disabled) in CI

It would be useful to have the software build be more resilient to compiler flag changes. To acheive this we could pick some combinations to test in CI.

#9216 would not have been needed if there was a build done in CI with `-O0` or `-fno-inline` enabled. At a minimum it may make sense to have a 'no optimizations' build. We could also consider doing builds with sanitizers enabled and/or different optimization levels (e.g. `-O3`,`-Os` and `-Oz`).

Start by reviewing issue #9216 and the repository's current CI build configuration. Define which compiler-flag combinations are in scope, then verify that the selected builds run successfully in CI and expose relevant failures.

Written by the indexing model from the issue text.