bug: Unable to run cdk bootstrap with aws-cdk 2.172.0 (or newer) and cdklocal 2.19.2

@simonrw is already working on this.

Since Mar 12, 2025.

Original issue: https://github.com/localstack/localstack/issues/12261 reported by @Garethp

---

### Is there an existing issue for this?

- [x] I have searched the existing issues

### Current Behavior

When attempting to run `yarn cdklocal bootstrap` on LocalStack with `aws-cdk` set to 2.172.0 or newer, I get the following error:

```
❌ Environment aws://000000000000/eu-west-2 failed bootstrapping: Error: Need to perform AWS calls for account 000000000000, but no credentials have been configured
at SdkProvider.forEnvironment (/home/parkerg/development/localstack-bugs/node_modules/aws-cdk/lib/index.js:776:19853)
at async SdkProvider.methFunc (/home/parkerg/development/localstack-bugs/node_modules/aws-cdk-local/bin/cdklocal:414:16)
at async _BootstrapStack.lookup (/home/parkerg/development/localstack-bugs/node_modules/aws-cdk/lib/index.js:626:8583)
at async Bootstrapper.modernBootstrap (/home/parkerg/development/localstack-bugs/node_modules/aws-cdk/lib/index.js:627:1084)
at async /home/parkerg/development/localstack-bugs/node_modules/aws-cdk/lib/index.js:833:1671
```

If I try running the bootstrap with `2.178.2`, the error looks like:

```
❌ Environment aws://000000000000/eu-west-2 failed bootstrapping: _AuthenticationError: Need to perform AWS calls for account 000000000000, but no credentials have been configured
at SdkProvider.forEnvironment (/home/parkerg/development/localstack-bugs/node_modules/aws-cdk/lib/index.js:809:140752)
at async _BootstrapStack.lookup (/home/parkerg/development/localstack-bugs/node_modules/aws-cdk/lib/index.js:780:25842)
at async Bootstrapper.modernBootstrap (/home/parkerg/development/localstack-bugs/node_modules/aws-cdk/lib/index.js:781:1115)
at async /home/parkerg/development/localstack-bugs/node_modules/aws-cdk/lib/index.js:823:1560 {
type: 'authentication'
}
Need to perform AWS calls for account 000000000000, but no credentials have been configured
```

### Expected Behavior

This should work and there should be no Authentication issues

### How are you starting LocalStack?

With a docker-compose file

### Steps To Reproduce

#### How are you starting localstack (e.g., `bin/localstack` command, arguments, or `docker-compose.yml`)

docker run localstack/localstack

#### Client commands (e.g., AWS SDK code snippet, or sequence of "awslocal" commands)

`yarn cdklocal bootstrap`

### Environment

```markdown
- OS: Ubuntu 20.04
- LocalStack: 4.1.1
LocalStack version: 4.1.1
LocalStack Docker image sha: sha256:97ccc65daec3542bd2cb3160d7355f11e89ad8027fd3c834b9d1197d197d866f
LocalStack build date: 2025-02-05
LocalStack build git hash: 873d150c0
```

### Anything else?

I've reproduced the issue here: https://github.com/Garethp/localstack-bugs/tree/bootstrap-error
When I clone down the branch `bootstrap-error`, run `yarn install`, and then `./start.sh` I see the above error.

Additionally, we do have a temporary workaround. If we run `AWS_PROFILE={profile} yarn cdklocal bootstrap` where `{profile}` is a profile that's already been locally configured and is not an `sso` login then it passes. If it's set to a non-existent profile or a profile that's configured through `aws sso` then it still fails