Clang 22.1.7 crashes during C++23 module compilation (internal compiler error)

Title:
Clang 22.1.7 crashes during C++23 module compilation (internal compiler error)

Description:
Clang crashes when compiling a C++23 module in an MSYS2 UCRT64 environment. The error is reproducible. The error occurs when attempting to include a class file with the () operator with a large number of specializations.

Environment:

clang++ 22.1.7

Target: x86_64-w64-windows-gnu

MSYS2 UCRT64

Windows 10/11

Command line:
```
C:\msys64\ucrt64\bin\clang++.exe -DFMT_SHARED -DFile_EXPORTS -D_WIN32 -D_WINDOWS -ID:/Luna/root/file/include -ID:/Luna/root/external/fmt/include -ID:/Luna/root/common/include -stdlib=libc++ -ggdb -std=gnu++23 -fms-extensions -Winvalid-specialization -MD -MT root/file/CMakeFiles/File.dir/module/serialize/json.cppm.obj -MF root\file\CMakeFiles\File.dir\module\serialize\json.cppm.obj.d @root\file\CMakeFiles\File.dir\module\serialize\json.cppm.obj.modmap -o root/file/CMakeFiles/File.dir/module/serialize/json.cppm.obj -c D:/Luna/root/file/module/serialize/json.cppm
Stack trace:
Stack dump:
0. Program arguments: C:\\msys64\\ucrt64\\bin\\clang++.exe -DFMT_SHARED -DFile_EXPORTS -D_WIN32 -D_WINDOWS -ID:/Luna/root/file/include -ID:/Luna/root/external/fmt/include -ID:/Luna/root/common/include -stdlib=libc++ -ggdb -std=gnu++23 -fms-extensions -Winvalid-specialization -MD -MT root/file/CMakeFiles/File.dir/module/serialize/json.cppm.obj -MF root\\file\\CMakeFiles\\File.dir\\module\\serialize\\json.cppm.obj.d @root\\file\\CMakeFiles\\File.dir\\module\\serialize\\json.cppm.obj.modmap -o root/file/CMakeFiles/File.dir/module/serialize/json.cppm.obj -c D:/Luna/root/file/module/serialize/json.cppm
1. parser at end of file
2. Code generation
Exception Code: 0xC0000005
0x00007FFB68B8FA80, C:\msys64\ucrt64\bin\libLLVM-22.dll(0x00007FFB64AD0000) + 0x40BFA80 byte(s), _ZNK4llvm7Mangler17getNameWithPrefixERNS_11raw_ostreamEPKNS_11GlobalValueEb() + 0xA0 byte(s)
0x00007FFB68B8FDC7, C:\msys64\ucrt64\bin\libLLVM-22.dll(0x00007FFB64AD0000) + 0x40BFDC7 byte(s), _ZNK4llvm7Mangler17getNameWithPrefixERNS_15SmallVectorImplIcEEPKNS_11GlobalValueEb() + 0x87 byte(s)
0x00007FFB6804AE5B, C:\msys64\ucrt64\bin\libLLVM-22.dll(0x00007FFB64AD0000) + 0x357AE5B byte(s), _ZNK4llvm13TargetMachine9getSymbolEPKNS_11GlobalValueE() + 0xAB byte(s)
0x00007FFB65F4272E, C:\msys64\ucrt64\bin\libLLVM-22.dll(0x00007FFB64AD0000) + 0x147272E byte(s), _ZN4llvm10AsmPrinter18emitXXStructorListERKNS_10DataLayoutEPKNS_8ConstantEb() + 0x18E byte(s)
0x00007FFB65F4599B, C:\msys64\ucrt64\bin\libLLVM-22.dll(0x00007FFB64AD0000) + 0x147599B byte(s), _ZN4llvm10AsmPrinter21emitSpecialLLVMGlobalEPKNS_14GlobalVariableE() + 0x54B byte(s)
0x00007FFB65F418F3, C:\msys64\ucrt64\bin\libLLVM-22.dll(0x00007FFB64AD0000) + 0x14718F3 byte(s), _ZN4llvm10AsmPrinter18emitGlobalVariableEPKNS_14GlobalVariableE() + 0xB3 byte(s)
0x00007FFB65F374D0, C:\msys64\ucrt64\bin\libLLVM-22.dll(0x00007FFB64AD0000) + 0x14674D0 byte(s), _ZN4llvm10AsmPrinter14doFinalizationERNS_6ModuleE() + 0x500 byte(s)
0x00007FFB66623B71, C:\msys64\ucrt64\bin\libLLVM-22.dll(0x00007FFB64AD0000) + 0x1B53B71 byte(s), _ZN4llvm13FPPassManager14doFinalizationERNS_6ModuleE() + 0x31 byte(s)
0x00007FFB67962282, C:\msys64\ucrt64\bin\libLLVM-22.dll(0x00007FFB64AD0000) + 0x2E92282 byte(s), _ZN4llvm6legacy15PassManagerImpl3runERNS_6ModuleE() + 0x1292 byte(s)
0x00007FFB98EC2D45, C:\msys64\ucrt64\bin\libclang-cpp.dll(0x00007FFB97DD0000) + 0x10F2D45 byte(s), _ZN5clang17emitBackendOutputERNS_16CompilerInstanceERNS_14CodeGenOptionsEN4llvm9StringRefEPNS4_6ModuleENS_13BackendActionENS4_18IntrusiveRefCntPtrINS4_3vfs10FileSystemEEESt10unique_ptrINS4_17raw_pwrite_streamESt14default_deleteISE_EEPNS_15BackendConsumerE() + 0x10E5 byte(s)
0x00007FFB98DAA7A1, C:\msys64\ucrt64\bin\libclang-cpp.dll(0x00007FFB97DD0000) + 0xFDA7A1 byte(s), _ZN5clang15BackendConsumer21HandleTranslationUnitERNS_10ASTContextE() + 0x7D1 byte(s)
0x00007FFB98EAD7FC, C:\msys64\ucrt64\bin\libclang-cpp.dll(0x00007FFB97DD0000) + 0x10DD7FC byte(s), _ZN5clang17MultiplexConsumer21HandleTranslationUnitERNS_10ASTContextE() + 0x2C byte(s)
0x00007FFB99F4E9D7, C:\msys64\ucrt64\bin\libclang-cpp.dll(0x00007FFB97DD0000) + 0x217E9D7 byte(s), _ZN5clang8ParseASTERNS_4SemaEbb() + 0x287 byte(s)
0x00007FFB98CE1FBF, C:\msys64\ucrt64\bin\libclang-cpp.dll(0x00007FFB97DD0000) + 0xF11FBF byte(s), _ZN5clang14FrontendAction7ExecuteEv() + 0x2F byte(s)
0x00007FFB98E665E4, C:\msys64\ucrt64\bin\libclang-cpp.dll(0x00007FFB97DD0000) + 0x10965E4 byte(s), _ZN5clang16CompilerInstance13ExecuteActionERNS_14FrontendActionE() + 0x434 byte(s)
0x00007FFB9944F29D, C:\msys64\ucrt64\bin\libclang-cpp.dll(0x00007FFB97DD0000) + 0x167F29D byte(s), _ZN5clang25ExecuteCompilerInvocationEPNS_16CompilerInstanceE() + 0x30D byte(s)
0x00007FF73C94ECB3, C:\msys64\ucrt64\bin\clang++.exe(0x00007FF73C940000) + 0xECB3 byte(s)
0x00007FF73C94F11D, C:\msys64\ucrt64\bin\clang++.exe(0x00007FF73C940000) + 0xF11D byte(s)
0x00007FF73C94F910, C:\msys64\ucrt64\bin\clang++.exe(0x00007FF73C940000) + 0xF910 byte(s)
0x00007FFB98588EED, C:\msys64\ucrt64\bin\libclang-cpp.dll(0x00007FFB97DD0000) + 0x7B8EED byte(s), _ZN4llvm12append_rangeISt6vectorIPKN5clang7VarDeclESaIS5_EERNS_12ImmutableSetIS5_NS_17ImutContainerInfoIS5_EEEEEEvRT_OT0_() + 0x24DBD byte(s)
0x00007FFB67081739, C:\msys64\ucrt64\bin\libLLVM-22.dll(0x00007FFB64AD0000) + 0x25B1739 byte(s), _ZN4llvm20CrashRecoveryContext9RunSafelyENS_12function_refIFvvEEE() + 0x89 byte(s)
0x00007FFB9A401E72, C:\msys64\ucrt64\bin\libclang-cpp.dll(0x00007FFB97DD0000) + 0x2631E72 byte(s), _ZNK5clang6driver10CC1Command7ExecuteEN4llvm8ArrayRefISt8optionalINS2_9StringRefEEEEPNSt7__cxx1112basic_stringIcSt11char_traitsIcESaIcEEEPb() + 0x192 byte(s)
0x00007FFB9A445944, C:\msys64\ucrt64\bin\libclang-cpp.dll(0x00007FFB97DD0000) + 0x2675944 byte(s), _ZNK5clang6driver11Compilation14ExecuteCommandERKNS0_7CommandERPS3_b() + 0x354 byte(s)
0x00007FFB9A44541C, C:\msys64\ucrt64\bin\libclang-cpp.dll(0x00007FFB97DD0000) + 0x267541C byte(s), _ZNK5clang6driver11Compilation11ExecuteJobsERKNS0_7JobListERN4llvm15SmallVectorImplISt4pairIiPKNS0_7CommandEEEEb() + 0x8C byte(s)
0x00007FFB999FC129, C:\msys64\ucrt64\bin\libclang-cpp.dll(0x00007FFB97DD0000) + 0x1C2C129 byte(s), _ZN5clang6driver6Driver18ExecuteCompilationERNS0_11CompilationERN4llvm15SmallVectorImplISt4pairIiPKNS0_7CommandEEEE() + 0x169 byte(s)
0x00007FF73C94A8B1, C:\msys64\ucrt64\bin\clang++.exe(0x00007FF73C940000) + 0xA8B1 byte(s)
0x00007FF73C954E6F, C:\msys64\ucrt64\bin\clang++.exe(0x00007FF73C940000) + 0x14E6F byte(s)
0x00007FF73C9410DA, C:\msys64\ucrt64\bin\clang++.exe(0x00007FF73C940000) + 0x10DA byte(s)
0x00007FF73C941456, C:\msys64\ucrt64\bin\clang++.exe(0x00007FF73C940000) + 0x1456 byte(s)
0x00007FFBE4BF7374, C:\WINDOWS\System32\KERNEL32.DLL(0x00007FFBE4BE0000) + 0x17374 byte(s), BaseThreadInitThunk() + 0x14 byte(s)
0x00007FFBE587CC91, C:\WINDOWS\SYSTEM32\ntdll.dll(0x00007FFBE5830000) + 0x4CC91 byte(s), RtlUserThreadStart() + 0x21 byte(s)
clang++: error: clang frontend command failed due to signal (use -v to see invocation)
clang version 22.1.7 (https://github.com/msys2/MINGW-packages b8f306ad57e0c8f3f15aed0dc809d7e3e8e2eee9)
Target: x86_64-w64-windows-gnu
Thread model: posix
InstalledDir: C:/msys64/ucrt64/bin
clang++: note: diagnostic msg:
********************

PLEASE ATTACH THE FOLLOWING FILES TO THE BUG REPORT:
Preprocessed source(s) and associated run script(s) are located at:
clang++: note: diagnostic msg: C:/Users/szef/AppData/Local/Temp/json-e9c0a2.cppm
clang++: note: diagnostic msg: C:/Users/szef/AppData/Local/Temp/json-e9c0a2.sh
clang++: note: diagnostic msg:

********************
```
Preprocessed source:

[json-e9c0a2.txt](https://github.com/user-attachments/files/28997299/json-e9c0a2.txt)
Run script:
[json-e9c0a2.sh](https://github.com/user-attachments/files/28997242/json-e9c0a2.sh)

Start by running the attached json-e9c0a2.sh script with json-e9c0a2.cppm using Clang 22.1.7 in the stated MSYS2 UCRT64 environment. Inspect the code-generation stack around Mangler and AsmPrinter, then confirm the reproducer no longer causes an internal compiler error.

Written by the indexing model from the issue text.