[clang] Assertion `getType() == Other.getType()' failed.

Reproducer:
https://godbolt.org/z/c8Pd1hd6e
```cpp
typedef _Atomic _Atomic _Atomic(struct[[]] S) atomic_int;
```

Backtrace:
```console
clang++: /root/llvm-project/llvm/tools/clang/include/clang/AST/TypeLoc.h:218: void clang::TypeLoc::initializeFullCopy(clang::TypeLoc): Assertion `getType() == Other.getType()' failed.
PLEASE submit a bug report to https://github.com/llvm/llvm-project/issues/ and include the crash backtrace, preprocessed source, and associated run script.
Stack dump:
0. Program arguments: /opt/compiler-explorer/clang-assertions-trunk/bin/clang++ -g -o /app/output.s -mllvm --x86-asm-syntax=intel -fno-verbose-asm -S --gcc-toolchain=/opt/compiler-explorer/gcc-snapshot -fcolor-diagnostics -fno-crash-diagnostics
1. :1:57: current parser token ';'
#0 0x0000000004301458 llvm::sys::PrintStackTrace(llvm::raw_ostream&, int) (/opt/compiler-explorer/clang-assertions-trunk/bin/clang+++0x4301458)
#1 0x00000000042fe884 llvm::sys::CleanupOnSignal(unsigned long) (/opt/compiler-explorer/clang-assertions-trunk/bin/clang+++0x42fe884)
#2 0x0000000004243628 CrashRecoverySignalHandler(int) CrashRecoveryContext.cpp:0:0
#3 0x0000762d5fc42520 (/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libc.so.6+0x42520)
#4 0x0000762d5fc969fc pthread_kill (/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libc.so.6+0x969fc)
#5 0x0000762d5fc42476 gsignal (/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libc.so.6+0x42476)
#6 0x0000762d5fc287f3 abort (/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libc.so.6+0x287f3)
#7 0x0000762d5fc2871b (/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libc.so.6+0x2871b)
#8 0x0000762d5fc39e96 (/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libc.so.6+0x39e96)
#9 0x000000000769deb3 (/opt/compiler-explorer/clang-assertions-trunk/bin/clang+++0x769deb3)
#10 0x000000000769d2e2 clang::TypeLocVisitor<(anonymous namespace)::TypeSpecLocFiller, void>::Visit(clang::UnqualTypeLoc) SemaType.cpp:0:0
#11 0x00000000076a4433 GetFullTypeForDeclarator((anonymous namespace)::TypeProcessingState&, clang::QualType, clang::TypeSourceInfo*) SemaType.cpp:0:0
#12 0x00000000076a52ef clang::Sema::GetTypeForDeclarator(clang::Declarator&) (/opt/compiler-explorer/clang-assertions-trunk/bin/clang+++0x76a52ef)
#13 0x0000000006e3078c clang::Sema::HandleDeclarator(clang::Scope*, clang::Declarator&, llvm::MutableArrayRef) (/opt/compiler-explorer/clang-assertions-trunk/bin/clang+++0x6e3078c)
#14 0x0000000006e31ad0 clang::Sema::ActOnDeclarator(clang::Scope*, clang::Declarator&) (/opt/compiler-explorer/clang-assertions-trunk/bin/clang+++0x6e31ad0)
#15 0x0000000006a68883 clang::Parser::ParseDeclarationAfterDeclaratorAndAttributes(clang::Declarator&, clang::Parser::ParsedTemplateInfo const&, clang::Parser::ForRangeInit*) (/opt/compiler-explorer/clang-assertions-trunk/bin/clang+++0x6a68883)
#16 0x0000000006a7669a clang::Parser::ParseDeclGroup(clang::ParsingDeclSpec&, clang::DeclaratorContext, clang::ParsedAttributes&, clang::Parser::ParsedTemplateInfo&, clang::SourceLocation*, clang::Parser::ForRangeInit*) (/opt/compiler-explorer/clang-assertions-trunk/bin/clang+++0x6a7669a)
#17 0x0000000006a7f3af clang::Parser::ParseSimpleDeclaration(clang::DeclaratorContext, clang::SourceLocation&, clang::ParsedAttributes&, clang::ParsedAttributes&, bool, clang::Parser::ForRangeInit*, clang::SourceLocation*) (/opt/compiler-explorer/clang-assertions-trunk/bin/clang+++0x6a7f3af)
#18 0x0000000006a7f87c clang::Parser::ParseDeclaration(clang::DeclaratorContext, clang::SourceLocation&, clang::ParsedAttributes&, clang::ParsedAttributes&, clang::SourceLocation*) (/opt/compiler-explorer/clang-assertions-trunk/bin/clang+++0x6a7f87c)
#19 0x0000000006a3c41c clang::Parser::ParseExternalDeclaration(clang::ParsedAttributes&, clang::ParsedAttributes&, clang::ParsingDeclSpec*) (/opt/compiler-explorer/clang-assertions-trunk/bin/clang+++0x6a3c41c)
#20 0x0000000006a3d305 clang::Parser::ParseTopLevelDecl(clang::OpaquePtr&, clang::Sema::ModuleImportState&) (/opt/compiler-explorer/clang-assertions-trunk/bin/clang+++0x6a3d305)
#21 0x0000000006a3d7b0 clang::Parser::ParseFirstTopLevelDecl(clang::OpaquePtr&, clang::Sema::ModuleImportState&) (/opt/compiler-explorer/clang-assertions-trunk/bin/clang+++0x6a3d7b0)
#22 0x0000000006a1e353 clang::ParseAST(clang::Sema&, bool, bool) (/opt/compiler-explorer/clang-assertions-trunk/bin/clang+++0x6a1e353)
#23 0x0000000004c62788 clang::CodeGenAction::ExecuteAction() (/opt/compiler-explorer/clang-assertions-trunk/bin/clang+++0x4c62788)
#24 0x0000000004f58e05 clang::FrontendAction::Execute() (/opt/compiler-explorer/clang-assertions-trunk/bin/clang+++0x4f58e05)
#25 0x0000000004ed909e clang::CompilerInstance::ExecuteAction(clang::FrontendAction&) (/opt/compiler-explorer/clang-assertions-trunk/bin/clang+++0x4ed909e)
#26 0x000000000505318d clang::ExecuteCompilerInvocation(clang::CompilerInstance*) (/opt/compiler-explorer/clang-assertions-trunk/bin/clang+++0x505318d)
#27 0x0000000000de63ec cc1_main(llvm::ArrayRef, char const*, void*) (/opt/compiler-explorer/clang-assertions-trunk/bin/clang+++0xde63ec)
#28 0x0000000000ddce3a ExecuteCC1Tool(llvm::SmallVectorImpl&, llvm::ToolContext const&, llvm::IntrusiveRefCntPtr) driver.cpp:0:0
#29 0x0000000000ddcfbd int llvm::function_ref&)>::callback_fn&)>(long, llvm::SmallVectorImpl&) driver.cpp:0:0
#30 0x0000000004cd4e59 void llvm::function_ref::callback_fn>, std::__cxx11::basic_string, std::allocator>*, bool*) const::'lambda'()>(long) Job.cpp:0:0
#31 0x0000000004243ac4 llvm::CrashRecoveryContext::RunSafely(llvm::function_ref) (/opt/compiler-explorer/clang-assertions-trunk/bin/clang+++0x4243ac4)
#32 0x0000000004cd546f clang::driver::CC1Command::Execute(llvm::ArrayRef>, std::__cxx11::basic_string, std::allocator>*, bool*) const (.part.0) Job.cpp:0:0
#33 0x0000000004c95f52 clang::driver::Compilation::ExecuteCommand(clang::driver::Command const&, clang::driver::Command const*&, bool) const (/opt/compiler-explorer/clang-assertions-trunk/bin/clang+++0x4c95f52)
#34 0x0000000004c96efe clang::driver::Compilation::ExecuteJobs(clang::driver::JobList const&, llvm::SmallVectorImpl>&, bool) const (/opt/compiler-explorer/clang-assertions-trunk/bin/clang+++0x4c96efe)
#35 0x0000000004c9e355 clang::driver::Driver::ExecuteCompilation(clang::driver::Compilation&, llvm::SmallVectorImpl>&) (/opt/compiler-explorer/clang-assertions-trunk/bin/clang+++0x4c9e355)
#36 0x0000000000de27e1 clang_main(int, char**, llvm::ToolContext const&) (/opt/compiler-explorer/clang-assertions-trunk/bin/clang+++0xde27e1)
#37 0x0000000000c8d114 main (/opt/compiler-explorer/clang-assertions-trunk/bin/clang+++0xc8d114)
#38 0x0000762d5fc29d90 (/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libc.so.6+0x29d90)
#39 0x0000762d5fc29e40 __libc_start_main (/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libc.so.6+0x29e40)
#40 0x0000000000ddc8d5 _start (/opt/compiler-explorer/clang-assertions-trunk/bin/clang+++0xddc8d5)
clang++: error: clang frontend command failed with exit code 134 (use -v to see invocation)
Compiler returned: 134
```

Goes back to clang-17.0.1:
https://godbolt.org/z/dc7haEfns

Start with clang/include/clang/AST/TypeLoc.h and the TypeLocFiller path in SemaType.cpp, using the provided reproducer to trace the failed initializeFullCopy assertion. The work is complete when clang no longer aborts on the reproducer and handles the declaration without this assertion.

Written by the indexing model from the issue text.