`clang -lstdc++ -ccc-print-phases` crashed

reproduce:
```
$ clang -lstdc++ -ccc-print-phases
PLEASE submit a bug report to https://github.com/llvm/llvm-project/issues/ and include the crash backtrace, preprocessed source, and associated run script.
Stack dump:
0. Program arguments: clang -ccc-print-phases -lstdc++
1. Compilation construction
#0 0x0000757e27fc4d90 llvm::sys::PrintStackTrace(llvm::raw_ostream&, int) (/usr/lib/libLLVM.so.18.1+0x7c4d90)
#1 0x0000757e27fc1d4d (/usr/lib/libLLVM.so.18.1+0x7c1d4d)
#2 0x0000757e2724c1d0 (/usr/lib/libc.so.6+0x3d1d0)
#3 0x0000757e2738e61c (/usr/lib/libc.so.6+0x17f61c)
#4 0x0000757e2fdf7fc5 (/usr/lib/libclang-cpp.so.18.1+0x3f7fc5)
#5 0x0000757e316e87d9 (/usr/lib/libclang-cpp.so.18.1+0x1ce87d9)
#6 0x0000757e316e8fb0 (/usr/lib/libclang-cpp.so.18.1+0x1ce8fb0)
#7 0x0000757e316eae4f clang::driver::Driver::PrintActions(clang::driver::Compilation const&) const (/usr/lib/libclang-cpp.so.18.1+0x1ceae4f)
#8 0x0000757e3172b9db clang::driver::Driver::BuildCompilation(llvm::ArrayRef) (/usr/lib/libclang-cpp.so.18.1+0x1d2b9db)
#9 0x000060512ebf5a8f clang_main(int, char**, llvm::ToolContext const&) (/usr/bin/clang-18+0x18a8f)
#10 0x000060512ebe7fd5 main (/usr/bin/clang-18+0xafd5)
#11 0x0000757e27234e08 (/usr/lib/libc.so.6+0x25e08)
#12 0x0000757e27234ecc __libc_start_main (/usr/lib/libc.so.6+0x25ecc)
#13 0x000060512ebe8035 _start (/usr/bin/clang-18+0xb035)
[1] 64 segmentation fault (core dumped) clang -ccc-print-phases -lstdc++
```

Reproduce the failure with `clang -lstdc++ -ccc-print-phases` and begin at the clang driver’s compilation-construction path shown in the stack trace, especially `Driver::PrintActions` and `BuildCompilation`. Trace how the `-lstdc++` argument is handled; done means the command no longer segfaults and a regression test covers the reproducer.

Written by the indexing model from the issue text.