Dependency update - Golang 1.26.5/1.25.12

### Tracking info

Link to any previous tracking issue: https://github.com/kubernetes/release/issues/4421

Golang mailing list announcement:
- https://groups.google.com/g/golang-announce/c/Tx7unHaTwvo/m/5ZfJufnbAQAJ (pre-announcement)
- https://groups.google.com/g/golang-announce/c/OrmQE_Yp5Sc/m/G9tnwhteAAAJ

SIG Release Slack thread: https://kubernetes.slack.com/archives/CJH2GBF7Y/p1783535167878019

### Work items

- [x] `kube-cross`, `go-runner`, `releng-ci` image updates: https://github.com/kubernetes/release/pull/4455

- [x] `kube-cross` image promotion: https://github.com/kubernetes/k8s.io/pull/9691

- [x] `go-runner` image promotion: https://github.com/kubernetes/k8s.io/pull/9693

- [x] `releng-ci` image promotion: https://github.com/kubernetes/k8s.io/pull/9694

#### After go-runner image promotion

- [x] `distroless-iptables` image update: https://github.com/kubernetes/release/pull/4463

- [x] image promotion: https://github.com/kubernetes/k8s.io/pull/9704

#### After kube-cross and distroless-iptables image promotions

- [x] kubernetes/kubernetes update (`master`): https://github.com/kubernetes/kubernetes/pull/140576

Ensure the following have been updated within the PR:

- [x] `.go-version` file
- [x] kube-cross image
- [x] go-runner image
- [-] distroless-iptables image - already updated in an earlier PR

> **Note**
> This update may require an update to go.sum files, for example: https://github.com/kubernetes/kubernetes/pull/118507
> This will require an API Review approval.

#### After kubernetes/kubernetes (master) has been updated

- [x] `k8s-cloud-builder` and `k8s-ci-builder` image updates: https://github.com/kubernetes/release/pull/4468

- [ ] `kubekins`/`krte` image variants update:

### Cherry picks

- [x] Kubernetes 1.36: https://github.com/kubernetes/kubernetes/pull/140581
- [x] Kubernetes 1.35: https://github.com/kubernetes/kubernetes/pull/140585
- [x] Kubernetes 1.34: https://github.com/kubernetes/kubernetes/pull/140584

### Follow-up items

- [ ] Ensure the Golang issue template is updated with any new requirements
- [ ]

/assign
cc: @kubernetes/release-engineering