[Bash2.0][Website] Retail use-case page: customer logo strip second row is left aligned, not centered

### Describe the issue

On the https://kestra.io/use-cases/retail strip "Trusted by retail, commerce, and consumer-goods teams", the top row has 5 logos and the second row has only 2, Dior and FILA. That second row is left aligned instead of centered under the row above, so the block looks unbalanced. The first logo in the top row, Leroy Merlin, is also very dark and hard to see against the dark background.

### Visuals and Reproducibility

1. Open https://kestra.io/use-cases/retail.
2. Look at the logo strip below the hero. The last row of logos is not centered.

### Environment

Site: https://kestra.io

Open https://kestra.io/use-cases/retail and inspect the logo strip below the hero, especially the Dior and FILA row and the Leroy Merlin logo. Locate the page’s logo-strip styling, center the shorter second row, and improve the dark logo’s visibility; verify the retail page visually when done.

Written by the indexing model from the issue text.