Support passwords longer than 72 bytes

### What feature do you want to see added?

Currently we are running into issues with accounts that have passwords longer than 72 bytes
We would like to the plugin to support longer passwords

Jenkins (v2.541.2) with active-directory plugin (v 2.41)

Also discussed in https://community.jenkins.io/t/password-length-limited-to-72-bytes/37147

stacktrace
`Caught unhandled exception with ID 96b552c3-f08e-4ddf-8164-8a41143f4ffb java.lang.IllegalArgumentException: password cannot be more than 72 bytes at org.springframework.security.crypto.bcrypt.BCrypt.hashpw(BCrypt.java:616) at org.springframework.security.crypto.bcrypt.BCrypt.hashpw(BCrypt.java:603) at org.springframework.security.crypto.bcrypt.BCrypt.hashpw(BCrypt.java:593) at PluginClassLoader for active-directory//hudson.plugins.active_directory.CacheUtil.computeHash(CacheUtil.java:56) at PluginClassLoader for active-directory//hudson.plugins.active_directory.CacheUtil.computeCacheKey(CacheUtil.java:47) at PluginClassLoader for active-directory//hudson.plugins.active_directory.ActiveDirectoryUnixAuthenticationProvider.retrieveUser(ActiveDirectoryUnixAuthenticationProvider.java:328) at PluginClassLoader for active-directory//hudson.plugins.active_directory.ActiveDirectoryUnixAuthenticationProvider.retrieveUser(ActiveDirectoryUnixAuthenticationProvider.java:296) at PluginClassLoader for active-directory//hudson.plugins.active_directory.ActiveDirectoryUnixAuthenticationProvider.retrieveUser(ActiveDirectoryUnixAuthenticationProvider.java:222) at PluginClassLoader for active-directory//hudson.plugins.active_directory.ActiveDirectorySecurityRealm.authenticate2(ActiveDirectorySecurityRealm.java:966) at hudson.security.AbstractPasswordBasedSecurityRealm.doAuthenticate(AbstractPasswordBasedSecurityRealm.java:108) at hudson.security.AbstractPasswordBasedSecurityRealm$Authenticator.retrieveUser(AbstractPasswordBasedSecurityRealm.java:197) at org.springframework.security.authentication.dao.AbstractUserDetailsAuthenticationProvider.authenticate(AbstractUserDetailsAuthenticationProvider.java:136) at org.springframework.security.authentication.ProviderManager.authenticate(ProviderManager.java:182) at jenkins.security.BasicHeaderRealPasswordAuthenticator.authenticate2(BasicHeaderRealPasswordAuthenticator.java:60) at jenkins.security.BasicHeaderProcessor.doFilter(BasicHeaderProcessor.java:92) at hudson.security.ChainedServletFilter2$1.doFilter(ChainedServletFilter2.java:99) at org.springframework.security.web.context.SecurityContextPersistenceFilter.doFilter(SecurityContextPersistenceFilter.java:117) at org.springframework.security.web.context.SecurityContextPersistenceFilter.doFilter(SecurityContextPersistenceFilter.java:87) at hudson.security.HttpSessionContextIntegrationFilter2.doFilter(HttpSessionContextIntegrationFilter2.java:63) at hudson.security.ChainedServletFilter2$1.doFilter(ChainedServletFilter2.java:99) at hudson.security.ChainedServletFilter2.doFilter(ChainedServletFilter2.java:111) at hudson.security.HudsonFilter.doFilter(HudsonFilter.java:173) at Jenkins Main ClassLoader//org.eclipse.jetty.ee9.servlet.FilterHolder.doFilter(FilterHolder.java:202) at Jenkins Main ClassLoader//org.eclipse.jetty.ee9.servlet.ServletHandler$Chain.doFilter(ServletHandler.java:1637) at org.kohsuke.stapler.UncaughtExceptionFilter.doFilter(UncaughtExceptionFilter.java:26) at Jenkins Main ClassLoader//org.eclipse.jetty.ee9.servlet.FilterHolder.doFilter(FilterHolder.java:202) at Jenkins Main ClassLoader//org.eclipse.jetty.ee9.servlet.ServletHandler$Chain.doFilter(ServletHandler.java:1637) at hudson.util.CharacterEncodingFilter.doFilter(CharacterEncodingFilter.java:86) at Jenkins Main ClassLoader//org.eclipse.jetty.ee9.servlet.FilterHolder.doFilter(FilterHolder.java:202) at Jenkins Main ClassLoader//org.eclipse.jetty.ee9.servlet.ServletHandler$Chain.doFilter(ServletHandler.java:1637) at org.kohsuke.stapler.DiagnosticThreadNameFilter.doFilter(DiagnosticThreadNameFilter.java:31) at Jenkins Main ClassLoader//org.eclipse.jetty.ee9.servlet.FilterHolder.doFilter(FilterHolder.java:202) at Jenkins Main ClassLoader//org.eclipse.jetty.ee9.servlet.ServletHandler$Chain.doFilter(ServletHandler.java:1637) at jenkins.security.SuspiciousRequestFilter.doFilter(SuspiciousRequestFilter.java:38) at Jenkins Main ClassLoader//org.eclipse.jetty.ee9.servlet.FilterHolder.doFilter(FilterHolder.java:202) at Jenkins Main ClassLoader//org.eclipse.jetty.ee9.servlet.ServletHandler$Chain.doFilter(ServletHandler.java:1637) at Jenkins Main ClassLoader//org.eclipse.jetty.ee9.servlet.ServletHandler.doHandle(ServletHandler.java:526) at Jenkins Main ClassLoader//org.eclipse.jetty.ee9.nested.ScopedHandler.handle(ScopedHandler.java:125) at Jenkins Main ClassLoader//org.eclipse.jetty.ee9.security.SecurityHandler.handle(SecurityHandler.java:574) at Jenkins Main ClassLoader//org.eclipse.jetty.ee9.nested.HandlerWrapper.handle(HandlerWrapper.java:124) at Jenkins Main ClassLoader//org.eclipse.jetty.ee9.nested.ScopedHandler.nextHandle(ScopedHandler.java:195) at Jenkins Main ClassLoader//org.eclipse.jetty.ee9.nested.SessionHandler.doHandle(SessionHandler.java:612) at Jenkins Main ClassLoader//org.eclipse.jetty.ee9.nested.ScopedHandler.nextHandle(ScopedHandler.java:193) at Jenkins Main ClassLoader//org.eclipse.jetty.ee9.nested.ContextHandler.doHandle(ContextHandler.java:1047) at Jenkins Main ClassLoader//org.eclipse.jetty.ee9.nested.ScopedHandler.nextScope(ScopedHandler.java:162) at Jenkins Main ClassLoader//org.eclipse.jetty.ee9.servlet.ServletHandler.doScope(ServletHandler.java:483) at Jenkins Main ClassLoader//org.eclipse.jetty.ee9.nested.ScopedHandler.nextScope(ScopedHandler.java:160) at Jenkins Main ClassLoader//org.eclipse.jetty.ee9.nested.SessionHandler.doScope(SessionHandler.java:589) at Jenkins Main ClassLoader//org.eclipse.jetty.ee9.nested.ScopedHandler.nextScope(ScopedHandler.java:160) at Jenkins Main ClassLoader//org.eclipse.jetty.ee9.nested.ContextHandler.doScope(ContextHandler.java:962) at Jenkins Main ClassLoader//org.eclipse.jetty.ee9.nested.ScopedHandler.handle(ScopedHandler.java:123) at Jenkins Main ClassLoader//org.eclipse.jetty.ee9.nested.ContextHandler.handle(ContextHandler.java:1729) at Jenkins Main ClassLoader//org.eclipse.jetty.ee9.nested.HttpChannel$RequestDispatchable.dispatch(HttpChannel.java:1581) at Jenkins Main ClassLoader//org.eclipse.jetty.ee9.nested.HttpChannel.dispatch(HttpChannel.java:733) at Jenkins Main ClassLoader//org.eclipse.jetty.ee9.nested.HttpChannel.handle(HttpChannel.java:520) at Jenkins Main ClassLoader//org.eclipse.jetty.ee9.nested.ContextHandler$CoreContextHandler$CoreToNestedHandler.handle(ContextHandler.java:3054) at Jenkins Main ClassLoader//org.eclipse.jetty.server.handler.ContextHandler.handle(ContextHandler.java:1224) at Jenkins Main ClassLoader//org.eclipse.jetty.server.handler.gzip.GzipHandler.handle(GzipHandler.java:619) at Jenkins Main ClassLoader//org.eclipse.jetty.server.Server.handle(Server.java:197) at Jenkins Main ClassLoader//org.eclipse.jetty.server.internal.HttpChannelState$HandlerInvoker.run(HttpChannelState.java:720) at Jenkins Main ClassLoader//org.eclipse.jetty.server.internal.HttpConnection.onFillable(HttpConnection.java:412) at Jenkins Main ClassLoader//org.eclipse.jetty.server.internal.HttpConnection$FillableCallback.succeeded(HttpConnection.java:1810) at Jenkins Main ClassLoader//org.eclipse.jetty.io.FillInterest.fillable(FillInterest.java:105) at Jenkins Main ClassLoader//org.eclipse.jetty.io.ssl.SslConnection$SslEndPoint.onFillable(SslConnection.java:614) at Jenkins Main ClassLoader//org.eclipse.jetty.io.ssl.SslConnection.onFillable(SslConnection.java:415) at Jenkins Main ClassLoader//org.eclipse.jetty.io.ssl.SslConnection$2.succeeded(SslConnection.java:156) at Jenkins Main ClassLoader//org.eclipse.jetty.io.FillInterest.fillable(FillInterest.java:105) at Jenkins Main ClassLoader//org.eclipse.jetty.io.SelectableChannelEndPoint$1.run(SelectableChannelEndPoint.java:54) at Jenkins Main ClassLoader//org.eclipse.jetty.util.thread.strategy.AdaptiveExecutionStrategy.runTask(AdaptiveExecutionStrategy.java:492) at Jenkins Main ClassLoader//org.eclipse.jetty.util.thread.strategy.AdaptiveExecutionStrategy.epcRunTask(AdaptiveExecutionStrategy.java:428) at Jenkins Main ClassLoader//org.eclipse.jetty.util.thread.strategy.AdaptiveExecutionStrategy.consumeTask(AdaptiveExecutionStrategy.java:401) at Jenkins Main ClassLoader//org.eclipse.jetty.util.thread.strategy.AdaptiveExecutionStrategy.tryProduce(AdaptiveExecutionStrategy.java:255) at Jenkins Main ClassLoader//org.eclipse.jetty.util.thread.strategy.AdaptiveExecutionStrategy.run(AdaptiveExecutionStrategy.java:204) at Jenkins Main ClassLoader//org.eclipse.jetty.util.thread.ReservedThreadExecutor$ReservedThread.run(ReservedThreadExecutor.java:317) at Jenkins Main ClassLoader//org.eclipse.jetty.util.thread.QueuedThreadPool.runJob(QueuedThreadPool.java:1009) at Jenkins Main ClassLoader//org.eclipse.jetty.util.thread.QueuedThreadPool$Runner.doRunJob(QueuedThreadPool.java:1239) at Jenkins Main ClassLoader//org.eclipse.jetty.util.thread.QueuedThreadPool$Runner.run(QueuedThreadPool.java:1194) at java.base/java.lang.Thread.run(Thread.java:1583)`

### Upstream changes

_No response_

### Are you interested in contributing this feature?

_No response_

Start with CacheUtil.java at computeHash and computeCacheKey, then trace the retrieveUser entry points in ActiveDirectoryUnixAuthenticationProvider and authentication in ActiveDirectorySecurityRealm. Determine the required behavior for passwords exceeding 72 bytes and verify that authentication and cache-key generation complete without the reported IllegalArgumentException.

Written by the indexing model from the issue text.