Add CLI timeout for retrieval/resolution

### Checklist

- [x] This is a bug report, not a question. Ask questions on [discuss.ipfs.tech](https://discuss.ipfs.tech/c/help/13).
- [x] I have searched on the [issue tracker](https://github.com/ipfs/kubo/issues?q=is%3Aissue) for my bug.
- [x] I am running the latest [kubo version](https://dist.ipfs.tech/#kubo) or have an issue updating.

### Installation method

dist.ipfs.tech or ipfs-update

### Version

```Text
Kubo version: 0.37.0
Repo version: 17
System version: amd64/linux
Golang version: go1.25.0
```

### Config

```json
{
"API": {
"HTTPHeaders": {}
},
"Addresses": {
"API": "/ip4/127.0.0.1/tcp/54322",
"Announce": [],
"AppendAnnounce": [],
"Gateway": "/ip4/127.0.0.1/tcp/54323",
"NoAnnounce": [],
"Swarm": [
"/ip4/0.0.0.0/tcp/54321",
"/ip6/::/tcp/54321",
"/ip4/0.0.0.0/udp/54321/webrtc-direct",
"/ip4/0.0.0.0/udp/54321/quic-v1",
"/ip4/0.0.0.0/udp/54321/quic-v1/webtransport",
"/ip6/::/udp/54321/webrtc-direct",
"/ip6/::/udp/54321/quic-v1",
"/ip6/::/udp/54321/quic-v1/webtransport"
]
},
"AutoConf": {},
"AutoNAT": {},
"AutoTLS": {},
"Bitswap": {},
"Bootstrap": ["auto"],
"DNS": {
"Resolvers": {
".": "auto"
}
},
"Datastore": {
"BlockKeyCacheSize": null,
"BloomFilterSize": 0,
"GCPeriod": "1h",
"HashOnRead": false,
"Spec": {
"mounts": [
{
"mountpoint": "/blocks",
"path": "blocks",
"prefix": "flatfs.datastore",
"shardFunc": "/repo/flatfs/shard/v1/next-to-last/2",
"sync": false,
"type": "flatfs"
},
{
"compression": "none",
"mountpoint": "/",
"path": "datastore",
"prefix": "leveldb.datastore",
"type": "levelds"
}
],
"type": "mount"
},
"StorageGCWatermark": 90,
"StorageMax": "10GB"
},
"Discovery": {
"MDNS": {
"Enabled": false
}
},
"Experimental": {
"FilestoreEnabled": false,
"Libp2pStreamMounting": false,
"OptimisticProvide": false,
"OptimisticProvideJobsPoolSize": 0,
"P2pHttpProxy": false,
"UrlstoreEnabled": false
},
"Gateway": {
"DeserializedResponses": null,
"DisableHTMLErrors": null,
"ExposeRoutingAPI": null,
"HTTPHeaders": {},
"NoDNSLink": false,
"NoFetch": false,
"PublicGateways": null,
"RootRedirect": ""
},
"HTTPRetrieval": {},
"Identity": {
"PeerID": "12D3KooWCwKzba6nE1KW6YrDfjWGGAYspZAP6unutUULtpYXmMXC"
},
"Import": {
"BatchMaxNodes": null,
"BatchMaxSize": null,
"CidVersion": null,
"HashFunction": null,
"UnixFSChunker": null,
"UnixFSDirectoryMaxLinks": null,
"UnixFSFileMaxLinks": null,
"UnixFSHAMTDirectoryMaxFanout": null,
"UnixFSHAMTDirectorySizeThreshold": null,
"UnixFSRawLeaves": null
},
"Internal": {},
"Ipns": {
"DelegatedPublishers": ["auto"],
"RecordLifetime": "",
"RepublishPeriod": "",
"ResolveCacheSize": 128
},
"Migration": {},
"Mounts": {
"FuseAllowOther": false,
"IPFS": "/ipfs",
"IPNS": "/ipns",
"MFS": "/mfs"
},
"Peering": {
"Peers": null
},
"Pinning": {
"RemoteServices": {}
},
"Plugins": {
"Plugins": null
},
"Provider": {},
"Pubsub": {
"DisableSigning": false,
"Router": ""
},
"Reprovider": {},
"Routing": {
"Methods": {
"find-peers": {
"RouterName": "HttpRouterNotSupported"
},
"find-providers": {
"RouterName": "HttpRoutersParallel"
},
"get-ipns": {
"RouterName": "HttpRouterNotSupported"
},
"provide": {
"RouterName": "HttpRoutersParallel"
},
"put-ipns": {
"RouterName": "HttpRouterNotSupported"
}
},
"Routers": {
"HttpRouter1": {
"Parameters": {
"Endpoint": "http://127.0.0.1:19999"
},
"Type": "http"
},
"HttpRouter2": {
"Parameters": {
"Endpoint": "http://127.0.0.1:19998"
},
"Type": "http"
},
"HttpRouterNotSupported": {
"Parameters": {
"Endpoint": "http://kubohttprouternotsupported"
},
"Type": "http"
},
"HttpRoutersParallel": {
"Parameters": {
"Routers": [
{
"IgnoreErrors": false,
"RouterName": "HttpRouter1",
"Timeout": "5s"
},
{
"IgnoreErrors": false,
"RouterName": "HttpRouter2",
"Timeout": "5s"
}
]
},
"Type": "parallel"
}
},
"Type": "custom"
},
"Swarm": {
"AddrFilters": null,
"ConnMgr": {},
"DisableBandwidthMetrics": false,
"DisableNatPortMap": false,
"RelayClient": {},
"RelayService": {},
"ResourceMgr": {},
"Transports": {
"Multiplexers": {},
"Network": {},
"Security": {}
}
},
"Version": {}
}
```

### Description

When using kubo 0.37.0 with custom HTTP routing, CID fetching operations hang until timeout in two scenarios: when routers are offline, and when routers return "no providers found" (HTTP 404).

## What I was doing:
Testing CID fetching with `ipfs cat ` under two scenarios:
1. **Offline HTTP routers** - endpoints that refuse connections (127.0.0.1:19999 and 127.0.0.1:19998)
2. **HTTP routers returning 404** - endpoints that respond with "no providers found"

Both configurations use `IgnoreErrors: false` and 5-second timeouts. I have tested with `IgnoreErrors: true` with same result.

## Expected behavior:

**For offline routers:**
- **Immediate failure** with clear error message when endpoints are unreachable
- No waiting since connection is refused

**For routers returning "no providers found" (HTTP 404):**
- **Immediate failure** after first round of queries
- HTTP 404 should be treated as definitive answer, and kubo shouldn't keep on retrying
- Clear error message explaining no providers were found

## Actual behavior:

**For offline routers:**
- **Hangs indefinitely** during provider discovery phase
- No error output explaining http routers are down
- Operation must be killed manually

**For routers returning "no providers found" (HTTP 404):**
- **Hangs until timeout** by repeatedly retrying the same routers
- Makes 4-6+ provider queries over 60-120 seconds instead of failing after first round
- Eventually times out with no error messages explaining no providers were found

## Steps to reproduce:
1. `git clone https://github.com/Rinse12/kubo_fetch_cid_not_throwing_if_providers_offline`
2. Run `npm i`
3. Run `node test-offline-peer-routing.js` (tests offline routers)
4. Run `node test-no-providers-http-routing.js` (tests 404 responses)

## Configuration details:
- Routing type: custom with parallel HTTP routers
- Router endpoints: offline (127.0.0.1:19999, 127.0.0.1:19998)
- IgnoreErrors: false (failures should not be ignored)
- Timeout: 5s per router