State-Action-Model pattern

Description:
The State-Action-Model (SAM) pattern is a modern approach to state management in JavaScript applications. Unlike traditional MVC frameworks, SAM separates the state, actions, and model, providing a clear and manageable structure for application logic. This pattern enhances testability and maintainability by isolating state transitions and business logic from the view.

Main Elements of the SAM Pattern:

1. State: Represents the application's state and is managed separately from the business logic and UI. The state is immutable, meaning any change results in a new state rather than modifying the existing state.
2. Actions: Encapsulate the business logic and are responsible for transitioning the state. Actions receive the current state and an event, process them, and return the new state.
3. Model: The model serves as an intermediary that controls the interaction between the state and actions. It ensures that actions are executed correctly and that state transitions are valid.

References:

1. SAM.js Official Documentation
2. InfoQ Article on SAM Pattern
3. Project Contribution Guidelines

Acceptance Criteria:

1. Implement a basic example of the SAM pattern in the project, demonstrating the separation of state, actions, and model.
2. Ensure that the implementation is well-documented, with clear comments and explanations for each component of the pattern.
3. Provide unit tests for the state transitions and actions to validate the correctness of the implementation.

No files, tests, or entry points are named. Start by reviewing the repository's existing design-pattern layout and contribution guidelines, then compare the SAM.js references with the project's Java conventions. Done means a basic State, Action, and Model example, explanatory documentation, and unit tests covering state transitions and actions.