cabal-install 3.10 cannot be built with GHC 9.6

`cabal-install` 3.10 requires `base >=4.10 && <4.18`, but GHC 9.6 bundles `base-4.18` along with `cabal-install-3.10`. The version bounds should be bumped.

Note that the [GHC 9.6 release notes](https://ghc.gitlab.haskell.org/ghc/doc/users_guide/9.6.1-notes.html) erroneously say that Cabal 3.9 is bundled with GHC 9.6; this is a mistake, as no Cabal 3.9 exists. The [GHC 9.6 download page](https://www.haskell.org/ghc/download_ghc_9_6_1.html) correctly notes that "GHC 9.6 only works with [cabal-install](http://hackage.haskell.org/package/cabal-install) version 3.10 or later." Although it doesn't entirely "work", as `cabal-install-3.10` cannot be built with GHC 9.6's `base` by default.

Start by locating the cabal-install package metadata that declares its base dependency bounds, then compare those bounds with the base version bundled by GHC 9.6. Done means cabal-install 3.10 can be built with GHC 9.6 and the relevant package checks pass.

Written by the indexing model from the issue text.