backport semaphore-compat-0.2 support to 3.14 and 3.16

Since ghc-9.12.5 (and I expect ghc-9.14.2) are moving to semaphore-compat-0.2, it would be good to allow recent cabal-install major versions to build with it.

So it would be good to backport [it](https://github.com/haskell/cabal/pull/11628) to 3.14 and 3.16 so that they can continue to be built with the latest ghc-9.12 and ghc-9.14 minor releases.

See also commercialhaskell/stackage#8032

Start by reading the linked pull request 11628 and comparing its changes with the 3.14 and 3.16 branches. Check the cabal-install build configuration and compatibility with semaphore-compat-0.2 under GHC 9.12 and 9.14; done means both branches build with the latest relevant minor releases.

Written by the indexing model from the issue text.