attr: Consider Dropping context.Context from Value Type() Method

### Module version

```
v0.14.0
```

### Use-cases

`attr.Value` in the framework type system must be able to return their associated `attr.Type`. This is handled via the `Type(context.Context) attr.Type` method today. While the appropriate `context.Context` is generally available, there are places where it may not be, such as `types` package value creation functions.

### Attempted Solutions

Either adding `context.Context` to all potential callers that may eventually call `Type()` or working around it via:

```go
ctx := context.Background()
// ... Type(ctx) ...
```

### Proposal

Type information _should_ be very static and not require special logic where the `context.Context` is especially helpful (e.g. logging). Therefore, we may be able to drop the parameter to remove this awkwardness.

### References

- https://github.com/hashicorp/terraform-plugin-framework/pull/502#discussion_r1002972093