packer built docker container/box will not launch with vagrant

_This issue was originally opened by @josh-m-sharpe in https://github.com/hashicorp/packer/issues/11189 and has been migrated to this repository. The original issue description is below._

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Documentation suggests packer should be able to build a docker container and associated vagrant box file that can be launched with `vagrant up` - I cannot seem to get that to work. Steps to repro are here:

https://discuss.hashicorp.com/t/cant-get-packer-build-docker-box-to-launch-with-vagrant/27244

Start with the reproduction steps in the linked HashiCorp Discuss thread and compare them with the repository's Vagrant documentation and plugin behavior. Determine why the Docker-built container and Vagrant box cannot be launched with `vagrant up`; done means the documented build workflow produces a launchable box.

Written by the indexing model from the issue text.