Intermittent vault 403 errors when using workload identity

### Nomad version

My client version:

```
Nomad v1.7.3
BuildDate 2024-01-15T16:55:40Z
Revision 60ee328f97d19d2d2d9761251b895b06d82eb1a1
```

Linux and Mac are using nomad v1.7.5

Windows are using nomad v1.7.2 due to #20034

### Operating system and Environment details

Ubuntu 22.04 amd64
Windows Server 2019 Datacenter amd64
Mac amd64 & arm64

### Issue

We are using nomad to run thousands of batch jobs per day. After converting to use workload identity with vault we are seeing intermittent 403 errors when a job tries to access vault, maybe 4-5 times per 1000 jobs. Retrying the job usually fixes the issue but is not a good solution for us due to increasing scale and how downstream systems work. This happens on all platforms.

```
Template failed: vault.read(kv/data//): vault.read(kv/data//): Error making API request. URL: GET https://active.vault.service.consul:8200/v1/kv/data// Code: 403. Errors: * 1 error occurred: * permission denied
```

### Reproduction steps

nomad server vault stanza:

```terraform
vault {
enabled = true
address = "https://active.vault.service.consul:8200"
ca_file = "/etc/vault.d/vault-agent-ca.pem"
cert_file = "/etc/vault.d/client-vault-cert.pem"
key_file = "/etc/vault.d/client-vault-key.pem"
create_from_role = "nomad-workload-id"
}
```

nomad client vault stanza:

```terraform
vault {
enabled = true
address = "https://active.vault.service.consul:8200"
ca_file = "/etc/vault.d/vault-agent-ca.pem"
cert_file = "/etc/vault.d/client-vault-cert.pem"
key_file = "/etc/vault.d/client-vault-key.pem"
create_from_role = "nomad-workload-id"
}
```

nomad-workload-id vault policy:

```terraform
path "kv/data/{{identity.entity.aliases.auth_jwt_ebe43278.metadata.nomad_namespace}}/{{identity.entity.aliases.auth_jwt_ebe43278.metadata.nomad_task}}/*" {
capabilities = ["read"]
}

path "kv/data/{{identity.entity.aliases.auth_jwt_ebe43278.metadata.nomad_namespace}}/{{identity.entity.aliases.auth_jwt_ebe43278.metadata.nomad_task}}" {
capabilities = ["read"]
}

path "kv/metadata/{{identity.entity.aliases.auth_jwt_ebe43278.metadata.nomad_namespace}}/{{identity.entity.aliases.auth_jwt_ebe43278.metadata.nomad_task}}/*" {
capabilities = ["list"]
}

path "kv/metadata/*" {
capabilities = ["list"]
}
```

#### Expected Result

Consistently able to access vault

#### Actual Result

Intermittently fails

### Job file (if appropriate)

Every job task has the same vault stanza:

```json
"Vault": {
"Role": "nomad-workload-id",
"Policies": null,
"Namespace": "",
"Cluster": "default",
"Env": true,
"DisableFile": false,
"ChangeMode": "restart",
"ChangeSignal": "SIGHUP",
"AllowTokenExpiration": false
}
```

and an identity like this:

```json
"Identities": [
{
"Name": "redacted",
"Audience": [
"redacted"
],
"ChangeMode": "",
"ChangeSignal": "",
"Env": false,
"File": false,
"ServiceName": "",
"TTL": 3600000000000
}
]
```

No source file or test is identified. Start by reproducing the intermittent failure with the Nomad server and client Vault stanzas, workload identity, and job configuration shown here; compare successful and failed Vault access attempts, with the goal of making access consistent without retrying jobs.

Written by the indexing model from the issue text.