Extended Validation in Schemas

### Problem

We would like the ability to provide extended validation rules for fields in the schema and then validate them at parse time in PBJ. The primary reason for this is security to limit the effects of badly written binary protobuf to cause the reader to spend more resources than absolutely necessary. The secondary reason is improved rigor in schemas so they are more precise and there is less scope for mistakes. The rules covered should include:

- Min/Max sizes for Strings, Bytes and Sub-Message fields
- Min/Max for repeated fields
- Number ranges for numeric types, accepted options.
- Max recursive message depth
- Message max size in bytes

The rules we choose should be very fast to check at parse time and not have a noticeable performance impact on parsing.

There is also the aim that this can be used for tightening the specification documentation for protobuf APIs. So ideally rules documentation will be supported for explaining these rules and what they exist etc.

### Solution

We could define our own or choose to be compatible with an existing option. For example "protovalidate" library from Buf.
https://github.com/bufbuild/protovalidate
The full options are way too much with full Google Common Expression Language support but maybe the Standard Constraints subset is applicable.
https://github.com/bufbuild/protovalidate/blob/main/docs/standard-constraints.md

There is also an older version called "protoc-gen-validate (PGV)" https://github.com/bufbuild/protoc-gen-validate that seems more widely used and might be a better fit.

History blog on V1 and V2 https://buf.build/blog/protoc-gen-validate-v1-and-v2

### Alternatives

_No response_