Issue with Stripe Payment Method Configuration

Describe the bug
The stripe payment method leads to an error screen after we proceed to make payment through Stripe.

To Reproduce
Steps to reproduce the behavior:

Before checking out with your order select the payment method as stripe.
Click on 'Place Order'
Expected behavior
The screen should take the user to the stripe application where it should proceed with the procedure

Screenshots
https://github.com/user-attachments/assets/6088d5da-7ba1-4b3a-bd23-4c2029b80f98

Smartphone

Device: iPhone15pro and Samsung A15
OS: iOS and Android

Reproduce the checkout flow by selecting Stripe before placing an order, using the attached screenshot and the listed iPhone 15 Pro and Samsung A15 environments as references. Trace the payment entry point from the checkout action; done means the user reaches the Stripe application and the error screen no longer appears on the reported devices.

Written by the indexing model from the issue text.