Bump Clang version is required due to a possible collision in profile data filenames

Clang allows redefining a path to a raw profile with `LLVM_PROFILE_FILE` environment variable [^1]. This variable is used in OSS Fuzz, see [^2]. Binary signature collision for different modules when collecting instrumentation profile is possible due to a bug in Clang [^3].

Probably bump of a Clang version is required due to a possible collision in profile data filenames.

[^1]: https://clang.llvm.org/docs/SourceBasedCodeCoverage.html#running-the-instrumented-program
[^2]: https://github.com/google/oss-fuzz/blob/3e8ac8e7ef8acf61b739b97091fbf233afe826ac/infra/base-images/base-runner/coverage#L83
[^3]: https://github.com/llvm/llvm-project/issues/51560

Start with infra/base-images/base-runner/coverage and review how LLVM_PROFILE_FILE is set, then compare the Clang version used with the upstream issue 51560. Confirm the required version change and verify that profile data filenames remain distinct for different modules.

Written by the indexing model from the issue text.