Possible bug: Missing a fsync() or msync() call after creating MANIFEST-000001

Original [issue 183](https://code.google.com/p/leveldb/issues/detail?id=183) created by madthanu on 2013-06-30T21:26:50.000Z:

This is about the scenario where a power crash happens while a database is being created. The bug is triggered only if the crash happens within a narrow time interval, and only when certain filesystems (eg: ext4) are used. Furthermore, the bug does not actually corrupt any data, instead only reporting an IO-error on a being-created (i.e., empty) database.

So I'm not sure this behavior is "wrong". Please ignore if you already knew about this behavior.

What steps will reproduce the problem?
1. Use a Fedora/Ubuntu machine. Create a new leveldb database in a ext4 partition that no other process is writing to.
2. During the creation, use some trick to crash the machine soon after the mysnc() corresponding to "MANIFEST-000002" happens. Specifically, [A] the crash should happen before any sync-like call after rename("000002.dbtmp"), and [B] the crash should happen within around few seconds. A probable trick would be to add a sleep() after msync("MANIFEST-000002"), and manually pull the plug as soon as the sleep() is triggered.
3. Reboot the machine. The database would now have a CURRENT file pointing to MANIFEST-000001, but MANIFEST-0000001 would be empty (behavior would be slightly different depending on the filesystem). Try opening the database again with leveldb.

What is the expected output? What do you see instead?
Leveldb would report an IO Error. It is expected to just open the (empty) database and continue working.

What version of the product are you using? On what operating system?
Leveldb-1.12.0. I used Ubuntu 12.04, although most Linux OSes should behave the same way. Also, in addition to ext4, I suspect other filesystems also behave the same way.

Please provide any additional information below.
I'm more involved in filesystem research than in using leveldb, so I might be totally wrong. Do let me know if any additional tests would be useful from my side, I will be happy to help.