Shader compile error and subsequent crash on Radeon 3000

### Tested versions

Reproducible in Godot 4.3 stable
Not Reproducible Godot 3.6 stable

### System information

Windows 10 - Godot 4.3 stable - OpenGL Compatibility - Athlon II 260 with integrated ATI Radeon 3000

### Issue description

Just running Godot 4.3 logs shader compile errors then crashes:
Ran from cmd prompt and copy and pasted output to godot_cmd.log:
[godot_cmd.log](https://github.com/user-attachments/files/17467358/godot_cmd.log)

At the very least it would be nice for the user to get the error message that says to try updating drivers. I submitted that as a Godot Proposal: https://github.com/godotengine/godot-proposals/issues/11008

### Steps to reproduce

1. Download Godot x86_64 4.3 for Windows
2. Run in cmd prompt
3. A black window briefly shows and then disappears

### Minimal reproduction project (MRP)

No project needed, just try to run Godot 4.3

Begin with the attached godot_cmd.log and the listed Windows/OpenGL Compatibility environment, then reproduce by launching Godot 4.3 from a command prompt without a project. The issue names no source file or test, so the scope is unclear; done would require resolving the shader-error crash or providing a clear driver-update message.

Written by the indexing model from the issue text.