More helpful error message for `Condition "!v.is_finite()" is true`

### Tested versions

- Reproducible in: v4.3.stable (77dcf97d8)

### System information

Godot v4.3.stable (77dcf97d8) - Windows 10.0.22631 - GLES3 (Compatibility) - Intel(R) Iris(R) Xe Graphics (Intel Corporation; 32.0.101.5972) - 11th Gen Intel(R) Core(TM) i5-1135G7 @ 2.40GHz (8 Threads)

### Issue description

Moving MeshInstance to an infinite or NaN coordinate causes this error

```
E 0:00:02:0077 instance_set_transform: Condition "!v.is_finite()" is true.
servers/rendering/renderer_scene_cull.cpp:935 @ instance_set_transform()
```

It's difficult to understand what does it mean. It would be better if error message read "Infinite coordinate provided to a mesh" or something like that so developers could more easily understand what happened and what do they need to look for in their code (i.e. divisions by zero)

### Steps to reproduce

1. Create a MeshInstance3D
2. Set mesh to Cube
3. Assign a new script to it
```gdscript
extends Node3D

func _ready() -> void:
self.position.x = NAN
```

### Minimal reproduction project (MRP)

N/A

Start at servers/rendering/renderer_scene_cull.cpp:935, where instance_set_transform() reports the non-finite vector condition. Reproduce the issue with a MeshInstance3D whose position.x is set to NAN, then improve the diagnostic so it identifies the invalid coordinate or transform cause. Done when the reproduction produces a more actionable error message.

Written by the indexing model from the issue text.