Project crashes after starting because breakpoint

### Tested versions

v4.3.beta.custom_build [60844997b]

### System information

Windows 11

### Issue description

Breakpoints make my project crash a few seconds after running from the editor. It works if I remove them all or set it after the project is already running. The number and place of the breakpoints don't seem to matter.

The project starts and runs for about two seconds. The "Saving Scene" dialogue is 100% but still open in the editor. After this popup closes, the project keeps running for a few seconds but then silently crashes, probably when it tries to attach the debugger.

Log:
```
Godot Engine v4.3.beta.custom_build.60844997b (2024-05-30 09:48:18 UTC) - https://godotengine.org
WARNING: GENERAL - Message Id Number: 0 | Message Id Name: Loader Message
windows_read_data_files_in_registry: Registry lookup failed to get layer manifest files.
Objects - 1
Object[0] - VK_OBJECT_TYPE_INSTANCE, Handle 2792596287088
at: RenderingContextDriverVulkan::_debug_messenger_callback (drivers\vulkan\rendering_context_driver_vulkan.cpp:30)
Vulkan 1.3.260 - Forward+ - Using Device #0: NVIDIA - NVIDIA GeForce RTX 3070

================================================================
CrashHandlerException: Program crashed
Engine version: Godot Engine v4.3.beta.custom_build (60844997bb2981c44e3b4396ab2918df90f13c97)
Dumping the backtrace. Please include this when reporting the bug to the project developer.
[0]
[1] _CxxThrowException (D:\a\_work\1\s\src\vctools\crt\vcruntime\src\eh\throw.cpp:75)
[2] __RTDynamicCast (D:\a\_work\1\s\src\vctools\crt\vcruntime\src\eh\rtti.cpp:291)
[3] Object::cast_to (C:\godot\godot\core\object\object.h:805)
[4] GDScriptLanguage::debug_get_globals (C:\godot\godot\modules\gdscript\gdscript_editor.cpp:406)
[5] RemoteDebugger::debug (C:\godot\godot\core\debugger\remote_debugger.cpp:506)
[6] ScriptDebugger::debug (C:\godot\godot\core\debugger\script_debugger.cpp:86)
[7] GDScriptLanguage::debug_break (C:\godot\godot\modules\gdscript\gdscript_editor.cpp:272)
[8] GDScriptFunction::call (C:\godot\godot\modules\gdscript\gdscript_vm.cpp:3599)
[9] GDScriptInstance::callp (C:\godot\godot\modules\gdscript\gdscript.cpp:2050)
[10] Object::callp (C:\godot\godot\core\object\object.cpp:819)
[11] Variant::callp (C:\godot\godot\core\variant\variant_call.cpp:1211)
[12] GDScriptFunction::call (C:\godot\godot\modules\gdscript\gdscript_vm.cpp:1739)
[13] GDScriptInstance::callp (C:\godot\godot\modules\gdscript\gdscript.cpp:2050)
[14] Object::callp (C:\godot\godot\core\object\object.cpp:819)
[15] Variant::callp (C:\godot\godot\core\variant\variant_call.cpp:1211)
[16] GDScriptFunction::call (C:\godot\godot\modules\gdscript\gdscript_vm.cpp:1768)
[17] GDScriptInstance::callp (C:\godot\godot\modules\gdscript\gdscript.cpp:2050)
[18] Node::_gdvirtual__physics_process_call<0> (C:\godot\godot\scene\main\node.h:352)
[19] Node::_notification (C:\godot\godot\scene\main\node.cpp:60)
[20] Node::_notificationv (C:\godot\godot\scene\main\node.h:50)
[21] Object::notification (C:\godot\godot\core\object\object.cpp:906)
[22] SceneTree::_process_group (C:\godot\godot\scene\main\scene_tree.cpp:957)
[23] SceneTree::_process (C:\godot\godot\scene\main\scene_tree.cpp:1042)
[24] SceneTree::physics_process (C:\godot\godot\scene\main\scene_tree.cpp:491)
[25] Main::iteration (C:\godot\godot\main\main.cpp:4016)
[26] OS_Windows::run (C:\godot\godot\platform\windows\os_windows.cpp:1686)
[27] widechar_main (C:\godot\godot\platform\windows\godot_windows.cpp:181)
[28] _main (C:\godot\godot\platform\windows\godot_windows.cpp:206)
[29] main (C:\godot\godot\platform\windows\godot_windows.cpp:220)
[30] WinMain (C:\godot\godot\platform\windows\godot_windows.cpp:234)
[31] __scrt_common_main_seh (D:\a\_work\1\s\src\vctools\crt\vcstartup\src\startup\exe_common.inl:288)
[32]
-- END OF BACKTRACE --
================================================================
```

### Steps to reproduce

Not sure. Anywhere I put a breakpoint makes it crash.

### Minimal reproduction project (MRP)

I can reproduce it every time in my project but I was unable to get a minimal example to do the same.

Start with the reported backtrace in modules/gdscript/gdscript_editor.cpp, especially GDScriptLanguage::debug_get_globals and GDScriptLanguage::debug_break, then follow the call into core/debugger/remote_debugger.cpp. Reproduce with breakpoints set before launching a Windows project and verify that debugger attachment no longer crashes the project.

Written by the indexing model from the issue text.