Engine crashes when playing a Particle effect set to queue_free when it ends.

### Tested versions

v4.3.dev5.official [89f70e98d]

### System information

Godot v4.3.dev5 - Windows 10.0.19045 - Vulkan (Forward+) - dedicated NVIDIA GeForce RTX 3080 (NVIDIA; 31.0.15.3623) - 12th Gen Intel(R) Core(TM) i9-12900KF (24 Threads)

### Issue description

Steps to reproduce explain it.

### Steps to reproduce

Create a GPUParticles3D. Set One Shot to true. In Signals, set finished() to call queue_free() directly. Click on Emitting. Engine crashes once emitting finishes.

### Minimal reproduction project (MRP)

[crashmvp.zip](https://github.com/godotengine/godot/files/14943979/crashmvp.zip)

Open the linked crashmvp.zip project and reproduce the crash with a GPUParticles3D configured as one-shot, connecting finished() directly to queue_free(). Then inspect the GPUParticles3D finished-signal and object-lifecycle handling around emission completion. Done means the reproduction no longer crashes the engine when the particle effect frees itself.

Written by the indexing model from the issue text.