Shader fail on Ryzen 5600g GPU (specifically) - [Solution provided for godot code]

### Tested versions

Reproducible on v4.5, Windows and Linux tested

### System information

Windows 11 + Linux KDE NEON 6.1, Ryzen 5 5600G, Forward+

### Issue description

If I create a simple particle emitter (CPU o GPU) and add an texture with particle animations, the animation/frame become transparent when it reach the last column. For example, if the texture contains 7x7 frames, the animation become invisible every time it reaches the 7th column and become visible again when it goes to the 1st one.
The problem can ONLY be reproducible when I use my Ryzen 5 5600G AMD GPU (on windows AND Linux), but when I use my Notebook (GeForce 1650) or My other PC (GeForce 3090) it works just fine.

### Steps to reproduce

Heres a video reproducing the problem, showing a GPU particle AND a CPU particle with the same experience.

https://youtu.be/AvPu7vSm1Nw

Just create an animated particle system and add some texture with 7x7 sprites. NOTE: can be only reproduced using my Ryzen 5 5600 AMD GPU, using other GPU work just fine

### Minimal reproduction project (MRP)

[ParticleBug.zip](https://github.com/godotengine/godot/files/14864927/ParticleBug.zip)

TEST 2

It seems to be a SHADER problem, not a particle one. I managed to simplify the bug, and a video + project

https://youtu.be/d4rdQWT8dJ8
[bug-test.zip](https://github.com/user-attachments/files/16101246/bug-test.zip)

Start by running bug-test.zip on a Ryzen 5 5600G with Godot v4.5 and compare the behavior shown in the linked videos with the GeForce results. Investigate the animated 7x7 particle texture case; done means the animation remains visible when it reaches the last column on the affected GPU.

Written by the indexing model from the issue text.