Add support for tessellation and segmentation of shapes

Feature description

I propose adding functionality for tessellating 3D shapes and segmenting 2D shapes. This would have two purposes:

1. Enable us to extend export functionality in the IO module to Sphere and Spheropolyhedron, since the tesselation algorithms would permit the discretization of rounded geometries. (See #272)
2. Enable users to use Coxeter to construct meshes for use in HOOMD-blue simulations, provided that new functionality was added to HOOMD-blue for constructing meshes from coxeter shapes. (See glotzerlab/hoomd-blue#2117)

Proposed solution

To be added later - discussed offline with @joaander , @janbridley , and @SchoeniPhlippsn .