Principles of OOP

**Encapsulation:**

**Definition:**
Encapsulation is the bundling of data and the methods that operate on that data within a single unit, known as a class in object-oriented programming. It restricts direct access to some of the object's components, promoting modularity and information hiding.

**Usage:**
- **Bundling Data and Methods:** Encapsulation groups together data attributes and methods that manipulate those attributes.
- **Access Control:** It restricts direct access to certain data or methods from outside the class, allowing controlled interaction.

**Example:**

```javascript
// Simple JavaScript Example

class Car {
constructor(make, model) {
this.make = make; // Public attribute
let _model = model; // Private attribute using naming convention

this.getFullModel = function() {
return `${this.make} ${_model}`;
};
}
}

const myCar = new Car('Toyota', 'Camry');
console.log(myCar.make); // Accessing public attribute
console.log(myCar._model); // Error: _model is not accessible directly
console.log(myCar.getFullModel()); // Accessing data through a method
```

In this example, the `Car` class encapsulates the `make` attribute and a private attribute `_model`. Direct access to `_model` is restricted, and the full model information is accessed through the `getFullModel` method, demonstrating encapsulation.

### REACT
```
// Simple JavaScript Example

class Car {
constructor(make, model) {
this.make = make; // Public attribute
let _model = model; // Private attribute using naming convention

this.getFullModel = function() {
return `${this.make} ${_model}`;
};
}
}

const myCar = new Car('Toyota', 'Camry');
console.log(myCar.make); // Accessing public attribute
console.log(myCar._model); // Error: _model is not accessible directly
console.log(myCar.getFullModel()); // Accessing data through a method

```

In this example, the Car class encapsulates the make attribute and a private attribute _model. Direct access to _model is restricted, and the full model information is accessed through the getFullModel method, demonstrating encapsulation.