Introduce Docker versioning

[...} New development, quick wins shouldn't be applied to stable version directly. Maybe stable version shouldn't be published from mainstream but from a tag?

You are doing a great work but it is really frustrating having an instance which could stop working at any time when my server pulls again the stable image.

_Originally posted by @valvin1 in https://github.com/friendica/docker/issues/196#issuecomment-1041136954_

Review the repository's current Docker image build and publishing workflow, including how the stable image is produced and tagged. Define a versioning approach that separates development images from stable releases and makes stable tags immutable or release-based; done means users can pull stable images without unexpected changes.

Written by the indexing model from the issue text.