Retry strategy configuration

See https://symfony.com/doc/current/messenger.html#retries-failures

The base of the implementation is done in stale [feat/retry-strategy branch](https://github.com/fmasa/messenger/tree/feat/retry-strategy).
All that needs to be done is adding rebase, adding tests, and writing documentation.

Review the existing implementation on the stale feat/retry-strategy branch and compare it with the current repository before rebasing it. Use the Symfony Messenger retries and failures documentation as the behavioral reference, then add tests and project documentation; the work is done when the rebased implementation is covered and documented.

Written by the indexing model from the issue text.