[Core feature] Make execution_id and execution_domain available for plugins

### Motivation: Why do you think this is important?

### BACKGROUND
https://flyte-org.slack.com/archives/CP2HDHKE1/p1741181647724639

### ISSUE
We are trying to fetch Flyte execution domain in a Spark task running in Databricks using the Fyte Databricks plugin.

We tried to use the same method that works well in Python tasks running on K8s (flytekit.current_context().execution_id.domain)

Unfortunately, this approach does not work in case of Databricks plugin. It would be nice to pass this info in the API so that we can access it in tasks.

### Goal: What should the final outcome look like, ideally?

We are able to fetch execution domain in tasks.

### Describe alternatives you've considered

Pass the domain as workflow input param.

### Propose: Link/Inline OR Additional context

_No response_

### Are you sure this issue hasn't been raised already?

- [x] Yes

### Have you read the Code of Conduct?

- [x] Yes