"NotFoundError: Node.removeChild: The node to be removed is not a child of this node" error in profiler

This is moved from https://bugzilla.mozilla.org/show_bug.cgi?id=2033695
The bug contents:

Got this error today :

```
Uh oh, some unknown error happened in profiler.firefox.com.

NotFoundError: Node.removeChild: The node to be removed is not a child of this node.

Please report this issue to the developers, including the full error as displayed in the Developer Tools’ Web Console.
```

Cannot repro

[console-export-2026-4-21_13-4-44.log](https://github.com/user-attachments/files/28143163/console-export-2026-4-21_13-4-44.log)

┆Issue is synchronized with this [Jira Task](https://mozilla-hub.atlassian.net/browse/FP-1303)

Start by reviewing the attached console-export log and locating the profiler frontend path that calls Node.removeChild; the report names no file or test. Establish a reproducible scenario, then add a regression test and verify that the profiler no longer reports this NotFoundError.

Written by the indexing model from the issue text.