FR: Use fetch in firebase/storage instead of XMLHttpRequest

### [REQUIRED] Describe your environment

* Operating System version: macOS 12.5.1
* Browser version: Chrome 105.0.5195.102
* Firebase SDK version: 9.9.4
* Firebase Product: storage

### [REQUIRED] Describe the problem

I'm trying to use v9 SDK exported `firebase/storage` methods like `uploadString`, `uploadByte` within the context of a manifest v3 Chrome extension's Service Worker. Service workers lack the XMLHttpRequest web API, which is used to implement the network request part of these methods.
See the following line in the source code for where the XMLHttpRequest API is used:
https://github.com/firebase/firebase-js-sdk/blob/master/packages/storage/src/platform/browser/connection.ts#L42

I saw similar issues about other parts of the FB web SDK, which resulted in the the move to use fetch API for this implementation, and was wondering if it could be done for this storage logic too, to afford service worker/MV3 extension support?

I haven't included any reproducible example, as I think it is fairly clear from the above linked line in the source code and the fact that Service Workers don't support XMLHttpRequest. Though please let me know if you need any further info

Related issues:
- #6124
- #4912
- #6483