IllegalArgumentException thrown by startActivityForLinkWithProvider when SMS multi-factor authentication enabled

### Environment

* Android Studio version: Ladybug | 2024.2.1
* Firebase Component: Auth
* Component version: firebaseBom = "33.1.2"

### Issue
`startActivityForLinkWithProvider` throws an `IllegalArgumentException` if the firebaseUser has SMS multi-factor authentication enabled and configured.

If the firebaseUser does not have SMS multi-factor authentication enabled and configured the call will run as expected and trigger either `addOnSuccessListener` or `addOnFailureListener` depending on the outcome.

When SMS multi-factor authentication is enabled the callbacks are not triggered.
The user can log in on chrome as expected with their Microsoft credentials and when the app is brought to the foreground again the exception is thrown.
There are no other calls to Firebase auth at this time.

Prior to calling `startActivityForLinkWithProvider(...)` the user is successfully reauthenticated.

`FirebaseAuth.getInstance().currentUser!!.reauthenticate(...)` throws `FirebaseAuthMultiFactorException` as expected

`multiFactorResolver.resolveSignIn(...)` returns a success as expected.

Wrapping the block in a try/catch does not catch the exception.

#### Steps to reproduce:

1. Enable and configure SMS multi-factor authentication in Firebase
2. Enable and configure Microsoft authentication in Firebase
3. Enable MFA on Firebase user account
4. Attempt to link Microsoft account to Firebase User account

#### Relevant Code:

```
val activity = (LocalContext.current as ComponentActivity)

val provider = OAuthProvider.newBuilder("microsoft.com")
.addCustomParameter("prompt", "consent").build()

FirebaseAuth.getInstance().currentUser!!.startActivityForLinkWithProvider(
activity,
provider
).addOnSuccessListener {
Timber.i("Success")
}.addOnFailureListener {
Timber.e(it)
}
```

### Stacktrace:
```
FATAL EXCEPTION: Firebase Blocking Thread #5
java.lang.IllegalArgumentException: Given String is empty or null
at com.google.android.gms.common.internal.Preconditions.checkNotEmpty(com.google.android.gms:play-services-basement@@18.3.0:2)
at com.google.android.gms.internal.firebase-auth-api.zzagc.(com.google.firebase:firebase-auth@@23.1.0:5)
at com.google.android.gms.internal.firebase-auth-api.zzzk.zza(com.google.firebase:firebase-auth@@23.1.0:114)
at com.google.android.gms.internal.firebase-auth-api.zzzk.zza(com.google.firebase:firebase-auth@@23.1.0:20)
at com.google.android.gms.internal.firebase-auth-api.zzaah.zza(com.google.firebase:firebase-auth@@23.1.0:5)
at com.google.android.gms.internal.firebase-auth-api.zzaeo.zza(com.google.firebase:firebase-auth@@23.1.0:20)
at com.google.android.gms.internal.firebase-auth-api.zzaeo.zza(com.google.firebase:firebase-auth@@23.1.0:64)
at com.google.android.gms.internal.firebase-auth-api.zzadv.zza(com.google.firebase:firebase-auth@@23.1.0:168)
at com.google.android.gms.internal.firebase-auth-api.zzaae.zza(com.google.firebase:firebase-auth@@23.1.0:9)
at com.google.android.gms.internal.firebase-auth-api.zzzk.zza(com.google.firebase:firebase-auth@@23.1.0:88)
at com.google.android.gms.internal.firebase-auth-api.zzzk.zza(com.google.firebase:firebase-auth@@23.1.0:143)
at com.google.android.gms.internal.firebase-auth-api.zzadh.zza(com.google.firebase:firebase-auth@@23.1.0:106)
at com.google.android.gms.internal.firebase-auth-api.zzabu.zza(com.google.firebase:firebase-auth@@23.1.0:15)
at com.google.android.gms.internal.firebase-auth-api.zzaeh.run(com.google.firebase:firebase-auth@@23.1.0:2)
at java.util.concurrent.ThreadPoolExecutor.runWorker(ThreadPoolExecutor.java:1145)
at java.util.concurrent.ThreadPoolExecutor$Worker.run(ThreadPoolExecutor.java:644)
at com.google.firebase.concurrent.CustomThreadFactory.lambda$newThread$0$com-google-firebase-concurrent-CustomThreadFactory(CustomThreadFactory.java:47)
at com.google.firebase.concurrent.CustomThreadFactory$$ExternalSyntheticLambda0.run(D8$$SyntheticClass:0)
at java.lang.Thread.run(Thread.java:1012)
```

### Dependencies
```
firebaseBom = "33.1.2"

firebase-bom = { group = "com.google.firebase", name = "firebase-bom", version.ref = "firebaseBom" }
firebase-analytics = { group = "com.google.firebase", name = "firebase-analytics" }
firebase-config = { group = "com.google.firebase", name = "firebase-config" }
firebase-crashlytics = { group = "com.google.firebase", name = "firebase-crashlytics" }
firebase-firestore = { group = "com.google.firebase", name = "firebase-firestore" }
firebase-storage = { group = "com.google.firebase", name = "firebase-storage" }
firebase-appcheck-playintegrity = { group = "com.google.firebase", name = "firebase-appcheck-playintegrity" }
firebase-auth = { group = "com.google.firebase", name = "firebase-auth" }
```