Test with older Linux release in CircleCI

In follow-up to #9486 we should resurrect build+test in CircleCI on a distribution older than Ubuntu 20, presumably using a docker image, perhaps from @adamretter as in https://hub.docker.com/r/evolvedbinary/rocksjava/tags

We do have some features that interact with Linux on a low level (e.g. io_uring) so we should ideally have a wide range of regularly tested configurations (kernel and glibc).