Implement new Concept Exercise: integral-numbers

This issue describes how to implement the `integral-numbers` concept exercise for the F# track.

## Getting started

**Please please please read the docs before starting.** Posting PRs without reading these docs will be a lot more frustrating for you during the review cycle, and exhaust Exercism's maintainers' time. So, before diving into the implementation, please read up on the following documents:

- [The features of v3](https://github.com/exercism/v3/blob/master/docs/concept-exercises.md).
- [Rationale for v3](https://github.com/exercism/v3/blob/master/docs/rationale-for-v3.md).
- [What are concept exercise and how they are structured?](https://github.com/exercism/v3/blob/master/docs/features-of-v3.md)

Please also watch the following video:

- [The Anatomy of a Concept Exercise](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=gkbBqd7hPrA).

## Goal

The goal of this exercise is to teach the student the basics of the Concept of Integral Numbers in F#.

## Learning objectives

- Know of the difference between signed and unsigned integral types.
- Know of the existence of the integral types: `sbyte`, `byte`, `short`, `ushort`, `int`, `uint`, `long` and `ulong`.
- Know when to use which integral type.

## Out of scope

- BigInteger.
- Overflows.
- Units of measure.

## Concepts

This Concepts Exercise's Concepts are:

- `integral-numbers`: know of the difference between signed and unsigned integral types; know of the existence of the integral types: `sbyte`, `byte`, `short`, `ushort`, `int`, `uint`, `long` and `ulong`; know when to use which integral type.

## Prequisites

This Concept Exercise's prerequisites Concepts are:

- `numbers`: define numbers and apply arithmetic and logic to them.

### Hints

- [Integral number types][integral-number-types]: which integral number types there are and how to use them.

### After

- [Integral number types][integral-number-types]: which integral number types there are and how to use them.

## Representer

This exercise does not require any specific representation logic to be added to the [representer][representer].

## Analyzer

This exercise does not require any specific logic to be added to the [analyzer][analyzer].

## Implementing

To implement this exercise, please [follow these instructions](https://github.com/exercism/v3/blob/master/languages/fsharp/reference/implementing-a-concept-exercise.md).

## Help

If you have any questions while implementing the exercise, please post the questions as comments in this issue.

[how-to-implement-a-concept-exercise]: https://github.com/exercism/v3/blob/master/docs/maintainers/generic-how-to-implement-a-concept-exercise.md
[implemented-exercises]: https://github.com/exercism/v3/tree/master/languages/fsharp/exercises/concept/README.md#implemented-exercises
[reference]: https://github.com/exercism/v3/blob/master/reference/concepts/type_inference.md
[analyzer]: https://github.com/exercism/fsharp-analyzer
[representer]: https://github.com/exercism/fsharp-representer
[meta-design]: https://github.com/exercism/v3/blob/master/languages/fsharp/exercises/concept/numbers/.meta/design.md
[meta-config.json]: https://github.com/exercism/v3/blob/master/languages/fsharp/exercises/concept/numbers/.meta/config.json
[docs-concept-exercises]: https://github.com/exercism/v3/blob/master/docs/concept-exercises.md
[integral-number-types]: https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/dotnet/csharp/language-reference/builtin-types/integral-numeric-types