refreshToken and subscriptions

My app uses topic subscriptions to send targeted messages to the apps. In our code I assume that when onRefreshToken is called the user has either reinstalled their app or lost their token somehow and that they get a completely fresh token without subscriptions. Given that assumption I re-subscribe to the topic of interest in onRefreshToken. This seems to work fine but I run into some corner cases where some users end up with multiple subscriptions and all I can see when I check the logs on our app server for one of those tokens is that refreshToken has been called, and not much more.

Can subscriptions persist even if the token is refreshed?