Add support for sourcemap debug IDs

Debug IDs are detailed in the [TC39 proposal](https://github.com/tc39/source-map/blob/main/proposals/debug-id.md).

Debug IDs are unique IDs generated from a deterministic hash of the source code which are then injected/included in both source and sourcemap. They can be used to easily identify the correct sourcemaps in production.

I've recently added support for injecting debug IDs to [webpack](https://github.com/webpack/webpack/pull/18947), [Rollup](https://github.com/rollup/rollup/pull/5712/), and [Rolldown](https://github.com/rolldown/rolldown/pull/2516) and wanted to get them working in esbuild too but I don't really know Go yet!