EIP-8297: Cherry-pick state root failure checks

## Observation

In https://github.com/ethereum/execution-specs/pull/3288#discussion_r3706196954 we added a try catch block since the state root computation can now fail, if the balance is > 2^128 wei.

This _could_ be pulled out of projects/binary-trie and upstreamed

Start with the state-root failure handling discussed in pull request 3288 and inspect the projects/binary-trie code mentioned in the issue. Trace how state root computation handles balances above 2^128 wei, then confirm the failure checks are upstreamed and covered by the relevant existing tests.

Written by the indexing model from the issue text.