re-factor `check_transaction`

Perhaps this function should eventually be

```
def check_transaction(
block_env: vm.BlockEnvironment,
block_output: vm.BlockOutput,
tx: Transaction,
tx_state: TransactionState,
) -> vm.TransactionEnvironment:
```

i.e build the transaction environment gets built here. What do you think? In any case, I'd like to reserve this change to a later re-factoring PR.

_Originally posted by @gurukamath in https://github.com/ethereum/execution-specs/pull/2175#discussion_r2924084775_