rust: decouple reth from crates.io op-alloy-consensus

## Context

The following reth git crates depend on `op-alloy-consensus` from crates.io, which creates a type duplication with the local path version in the optimism monorepo:

- `reth-codecs`
- `reth-db-api`
- `reth-primitives-traits`
- `reth-rpc-convert`

## Resolution

These crates need to use a version of `op-alloy-consensus` that is compatible with the local workspace version, either by:

- Updating reth to a release that re-exports or path-depends on our local `op-alloy-consensus`
- Publishing a new `op-alloy-consensus` to crates.io that matches the local version

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Once resolved, the `op-alloy-consensus` entry in `[patch.crates-io]` in `rust/Cargo.toml` can be removed.

Start with rust/Cargo.toml and inspect the dependency declarations for reth-codecs, reth-db-api, reth-primitives-traits, and reth-rpc-convert. Determine whether a compatible reth release or a new crates.io op-alloy-consensus version is required. Done means the local [patch.crates-io] entry can be removed without type duplication or dependency-resolution failures.

Written by the indexing model from the issue text.