Networking broken on es8266 (minimal config included)

### The problem

Network sockets (at least UDP) does not work anymore on esp8266 platform, but works perfectly on esp32 arduino and libretiny, it may be linked to the introduction of IPv6 recently.

### Which version of ESPHome has the issue?

2024.3.0

### What type of installation are you using?

Home Assistant Add-on

### Which version of Home Assistant has the issue?

_No response_

### What platform are you using?

ESP8266

### Board

nodemcuv2, esp8285

### Component causing the issue

All components using UDP sockets (at least)

### Example YAML snippet

```yaml
esphome:
name: test-udp

esp8266:
board: nodemcuv2

#esp32:
# board: esp32dev
# framework:
# type: arduino

api:

ota:

wifi:
ssid: !secret wifi_ssid
password: !secret wifi_password

ap:
ssid: test-udp
password: !secret fallback_ap_password

captive_portal:

logger:
level: VERY_VERBOSE

e131:
method: multicast

light:
- platform: partition
name: "Partition Light"
effects:
- e131:
universe: 1
segments:
- single_light_id: my_light_1
- single_light_id: my_light_2

- platform: monochromatic
output: my_output
id: my_light_1

- platform: monochromatic
output: my_output
id: my_light_2

output:
- platform: template
id: my_output
type: float
write_action:
- logger.log: "writing output"
```

### Anything in the logs that might be useful for us?

No error during compilation and no error in logs at runtime.
When using the above YAML on esp8266, nothing appears in the logs when sending a packet from an other machine :
```txt
echo -n "hello" | nc -u -w0 test-udp.local 5568
```
When flashing the same code on esp32 (uncommented esp32), the logs appears with the same command, indicating that esphome receives the UDP packet :
```txt
[V][e131:068]: Invalid packet received of size 5.
```

### Additional information

Tested on multiple devices including nodemcuv2, esp8285, esp32, libretiny. Esp32, both arduino and esp-idf, and libretiny works perfectly, but esp8266 (and esp8285) does not work.

Also, the code provided in https://esphome.io/cookbook/lambda_magic.html#send-udp-commands has the same behaviour as e131 UDP listener, it works on esp32 and libretiny but not on esp8266. This means that sockets (at least UDP) does not work on esp8266 platform, both in listening and sending packets.

I also tried to use the Arduino's WifiUDP library, it works well on esp8266 inside esphome, so the problem comes from socket implementation in esphome.